基于Kohn-Sham方程的密度泛函理論為描述各類材料系統(tǒng)的物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)提供了一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的工具。原子和離子的最高占據(jù)軌道能量下的經(jīng)典車削表面對(duì)化學(xué)鍵的研究具有重要意義。比如,共價(jià)鍵的車削面為橢圓形,離子鍵的車削面存在接縫,而范德華二聚體的車削面則存在分叉。但上述性質(zhì)僅針對(duì)有限系統(tǒng)成立,對(duì)于實(shí)際固體來說,其密度并不會(huì)在遠(yuǎn)離原子核的地方衰減為零。那么利用現(xiàn)有的計(jì)算手段表征實(shí)際存在的固體的經(jīng)典車削面的性質(zhì)就變得尤為重要。
來自美國(guó)費(fèi)城坦普爾大學(xué)物理系和化學(xué)系的John P. Perdew教授和加州大學(xué)化學(xué)和物理系的Kieron Burke教授以及杜倫大學(xué)材料物理中心的Stewart J. Clark教授利用局域自旋密度近似和廣義梯度近似計(jì)算并分析了多種固體車削面的性質(zhì)和物理規(guī)律。
他們發(fā)現(xiàn),在平衡態(tài)下,經(jīng)典禁止區(qū)域不存在于金屬中,在共價(jià)半導(dǎo)體中也較為少見,但在離子晶體和分子晶體中很常見。此外,他們還證明,在所有材料中,經(jīng)典禁止區(qū)域會(huì)隨著核間距的均勻擴(kuò)展而產(chǎn)生和增長(zhǎng)。
同時(shí),經(jīng)典禁止區(qū)域也可以出現(xiàn)在金屬的單空位中。經(jīng)典允許區(qū)在金屬中是連接著的,在寬能隙絕緣體中是斷開的。令人驚奇的是,許多半導(dǎo)體在平衡狀態(tài)時(shí)不存在經(jīng)典禁止區(qū)域。缺陷的存在可以誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生經(jīng)典禁止區(qū)域,對(duì)未來固體中車削面性質(zhì)的研究具有重要意義。
該文近期發(fā)表于npj Computational Materials 7: 25 (2021),英文標(biāo)題與摘要如下。
Calculation and interpretation of classical turning surfaces in solids
Aaron D. Kaplan, Stewart J. Clark, Kieron Burke & John P. Perdew
Classical turning surfaces of Kohn–Sham potentials separate classically allowed regions (CARs) from classically forbidden regions (CFRs)。 They are useful for understanding many chemical properties of molecules but need not exist in solids, where the density never decays to zero.
At equilibrium geometries, we find that CFRs are absent in perfect metals, rare in covalent semiconductors at equilibrium, but common in ionic and molecular crystals.
In all materials, CFRs appear or grow as the internuclear distances are uniformly expanded. They can also appear at a monovacancy in a metal. Calculations with several approximate density functionals and codes confirm these behaviors.
A classical picture of conduction suggests that CARs should be connected in metals, and disconnected in wide-gap insulators, and is confirmed in the limits of extreme compression and expansion. Surprisingly, many semiconductors have no CFR at equilibrium, a key finding for density functional construction.
Nonetheless, a strong correlation with insulating behavior can still be inferred. Moreover, equilibrium bond lengths for all cases can be estimated from the bond type and the sum of the classical turning radii of the free atoms or ions.
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原文標(biāo)題:npj: 固體中經(jīng)典車削表面—理論計(jì)算和詮釋
文章出處:【微信號(hào):zhishexueshuquan,微信公眾號(hào):知社學(xué)術(shù)圈】歡迎添加關(guān)注!文章轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。
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