一、移植環(huán)境
- 主 ?機(jī):VMWare--Fedora 9
- 開發(fā)板:Mini2440--64MB Nand,Kernel:2.6.30.4
- 編譯器:arm-linux-gcc-4.3.2.tgz
- u-boot:u-boot-2009.08.tar.bz2
二、移植步驟
?????????? Yaffs頁結(jié)構(gòu)說明
==============================================
???字節(jié)?????????????????? 用途
==============================================
?0 - 511??????????????? 存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)(分為兩個(gè)半部)
512 - 515?????????????? 系統(tǒng)信息
???516????????????????? 數(shù)據(jù)狀態(tài)字
???517????????????????? 塊狀態(tài)字
518 - 519?????????????? 系統(tǒng)信息
520 - 522?????????????? 后半部256字節(jié)的ECC
523 - 524?????????????? 系統(tǒng)信息
525 - 527?????????????? 前半部256字節(jié)的ECC
==============================================
??? 好了,在了解Nand Flash組成和Yaffs/yaffs2文件系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)后,我們?cè)倩氐絬-boot中。目前,在u-boot中已經(jīng)有對(duì)Cramfs、Jffs2等文件系統(tǒng)的讀寫支持,但與帶有數(shù)據(jù)校驗(yàn)等功能的OOB區(qū)的Yaffs/Yaffs2文件系統(tǒng)相比,他們是將所有文件數(shù)據(jù)簡單的以線性表形式組織的。所以,我們只要在此基礎(chǔ)上通過修改u-boot的Nand Flash讀寫命令,增加處理00B區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)的功能,即可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)Yaffs/Yaffs2文件系統(tǒng)的讀寫支持。
#gedit include/configs/my2440.h? //添加到文件末尾即可
#define CONFIG_MTD_NAND_YAFFS2???1 //定義一個(gè)管理對(duì)Yaffs2支持的宏
//開啟Nand Flash默認(rèn)分區(qū),注意此處的分區(qū)要和你的內(nèi)核中的分區(qū)保持一致
#define MTDIDS_DEFAULT "nand0=nandflash0"
#define MTDPARTS_DEFAULT "mtdparts=nandflash0:192k(bootloader)," \
???????????????????? "64k(params)," \
???????????????????? "2m(kernel)," \
???????????????????? "-(root)"
②、在原來對(duì)Nand操作的命令集列表中添加Yaffs2對(duì)Nand的寫命令,如下:
?
接著,在該文件中對(duì)nand操作的do_nand函數(shù)中添加yaffs2對(duì)nand的操作,如下:
??? if (strncmp(cmd, "read", 4) == 0 || strncmp(cmd, "write", 5) == 0)
??? {
??????? int read;
??????? if (argc < 4)
??????????? goto usage;
??????? addr = (ulong)simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 16);
??????? read = strncmp(cmd, "read", 4) == 0; /* 1 = read, 0 = write */
??????? printf("\nNAND %s: ", read ? "read" : "write");
??????? if (arg_off_size(argc - 3, argv + 3, nand, &off, &size) != 0)
??????????? return 1;
??????? s = strchr(cmd, '.');
??????? if (!s || !strcmp(s, ".jffs2") || !strcmp(s, ".e") || !strcmp(s, ".i"))
??????? {
??????????? if (read)
??????????????? ret = nand_read_skip_bad(nand, off, &size, (u_char *)addr);
??????????? else
??????????????? ret = nand_write_skip_bad(nand, off, &size, (u_char *)addr);
??????? }
//添加yaffs2相關(guān)操作,注意該處又關(guān)聯(lián)到nand_write_skip_bad函數(shù)
#if defined(CONFIG_MTD_NAND_YAFFS2)
??????? else if (s != NULL && (!strcmp(s, ".yaffs2")))
??????? {
??????????? nand->rw_oob = 1;
??????????? nand->skipfirstblk = 1;
??????????? ret = nand_write_skip_bad(nand,off,&size,(u_char *)addr);
??????????? nand->skipfirstblk = 0;
??????????? nand->rw_oob = 0;
??????? }
#endif
??????? else if (!strcmp(s, ".oob"))
??????? {
??????????? /* out-of-band data */
??????????? mtd_oob_ops_t ops =
??????????? {
??????????????? .oobbuf = (u8 *)addr,
??????????????? .ooblen = size,
??????????????? .mode = MTD_OOB_RAW
??????????? };
??????????? if (read)
??????????????? ret = nand->read_oob(nand, off, &ops);
??????????? else
??????????????? ret = nand->write_oob(nand, off, &ops);
??????? }
??????? else
??????? {
??????????? printf("Unknown nand command suffix '%s'.\n", s);
??????????? return 1;
??????? }
??????? printf(" %zu bytes %s: %s\n", size, read ? "read" : "written", ret ? "ERROR" : "OK");
??????? return ret == 0 ? 0 : 1;
??? }
③、在include/linux/mtd/mtd.h頭文件的mtd_info結(jié)構(gòu)體中添加上面用到rw_oob和skipfirstblk數(shù)據(jù)成員,如下:
#gedit include/linux/mtd/mtd.h?? //在mtd_info結(jié)構(gòu)體中添加
#if defined(CONFIG_MTD_NAND_YAFFS2)
????u_char rw_oob;
????u_char skipfirstblk;
#endif
④、在第二步關(guān)聯(lián)的nand_write_skip_bad函數(shù)中添加對(duì)Nand OOB的相關(guān)操作,如下:
#gedit drivers/mtd/nand/nand_util.c? //在nand_write_skip_bad函數(shù)中添加
int nand_write_skip_bad(nand_info_t *nand, loff_t offset, size_t *length, u_char *buffer)
{
??? int rval;
??? size_t left_to_write = *length;
??? size_t len_incl_bad;
??? u_char *p_buffer = buffer;
#if defined(CONFIG_MTD_NAND_YAFFS2) //add yaffs2 file system support
??? if(nand->rw_oob==1)???
??? {
??????? size_t oobsize = nand->oobsize;
??????? size_t datasize = nand->writesize;
??????? int datapages = 0;
??????? if (((*length)%(nand->oobsize+nand->writesize)) != 0)
??????? {
???????? printf ("Attempt to write error length data!\n");
???????? return -EINVAL;
???? }
??????? datapages = *length/(datasize+oobsize);
??????? *length = datapages*datasize;
??????? left_to_write = *length;
??? }
#endif
??? /* Reject writes, which are not page aligned */
??? if ((offset & (nand->writesize - 1)) != 0 ||
???? (*length & (nand->writesize - 1)) != 0) {
??????? printf ("Attempt to write non page aligned data\n");
??????? return -EINVAL;
??? }
??? len_incl_bad = get_len_incl_bad (nand, offset, *length);
??? if ((offset + len_incl_bad) >= nand->size) {
??????? printf ("Attempt to write outside the flash area\n");
??????? return -EINVAL;
??? }
#if !defined(CONFIG_MTD_NAND_YAFFS2) //add yaffs2 file system support
??? if (len_incl_bad == *length) {
??????? rval = nand_write (nand, offset, length, buffer);
??????? if (rval != 0)
??????????? printf ("NAND write to offset %llx failed %d\n",
??????????????? offset, rval);
??????? return rval;
??? }
#endif
??? while (left_to_write > 0) {
??????? size_t block_offset = offset & (nand->erasesize - 1);
??????? size_t write_size;
??????? WATCHDOG_RESET ();
??????? if (nand_block_isbad (nand, offset & ~(nand->erasesize - 1))) {
??????????? printf ("Skip bad block 0x%08llx\n",
??????????????? offset & ~(nand->erasesize - 1));
??????????? offset += nand->erasesize - block_offset;
??????????? continue;
??????? }
#if defined(CONFIG_MTD_NAND_YAFFS2) //add yaffs2 file system support
??????? if(nand->skipfirstblk==1)???
??????? {
??????????? nand->skipfirstblk=0;
??????????? printf ("Skip the first good block %llx\n", offset & ~(nand->erasesize - 1));
??????????? offset += nand->erasesize - block_offset;
??????????? continue;
??????? }
#endif
??????? if (left_to_write < (nand->erasesize - block_offset))
??????????? write_size = left_to_write;
??????? else
??????????? write_size = nand->erasesize - block_offset;
??????? printf("\rWriting at 0x%llx -- ",offset); //add yaffs2 file system support
??????? rval = nand_write (nand, offset, &write_size, p_buffer);
??????? if (rval != 0) {
??????????? printf ("NAND write to offset %llx failed %d\n",
??????????????? offset, rval);
??????????? *length -= left_to_write;
??????????? return rval;
??????? }
??????? left_to_write -= write_size;
??????? printf("%d%% is complete.",100-(left_to_write/(*length/100)));
??????? offset += write_size;
#if defined(CONFIG_MTD_NAND_YAFFS2) //add yaffs2 file system support
??????? if(nand->rw_oob==1)???
??????? {
??????????? p_buffer += write_size+(write_size/nand->writesize*nand->oobsize);
??????? }
??????? else???
??????? {
??????????? p_buffer += write_size;
??????? }
#else
??????? p_buffer += write_size;
#endif
??? }
??? return 0;
}
⑤、在第四步nand_write_skip_bad函數(shù)中我們看到又對(duì)nand_write函數(shù)進(jìn)行了訪問,所以這一步是到nand_write函數(shù)中添加對(duì)yaffs2的支持,如下:
#gedit drivers/mtd/nand/nand_base.c? //在nand_write函數(shù)中添加
static int nand_write(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t to, size_t len, size_t *retlen, const uint8_t *buf)
{
??? struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
??? int ret;
?
#if defined(CONFIG_MTD_NAND_YAFFS2) //add yaffs2 file system support
??? int oldopsmode = 0;
??? if(mtd->rw_oob==1)???
??? {
??????? int i = 0;
??????? int datapages = 0;
??????? size_t oobsize = mtd->oobsize;
??????? size_t datasize = mtd->writesize;
??????? uint8_t oobtemp[oobsize];
??????? datapages = len / (datasize);
??????? for(i = 0; i < (datapages); i++)???
??????? {
??????????? memcpy((void *)oobtemp, (void *)(buf + datasize * (i + 1)), oobsize);
??????????? memmove((void *)(buf + datasize * (i + 1)), (void *)(buf + datasize * (i + 1) + oobsize), (datapages - (i + 1)) * (datasize) + (datapages - 1) * oobsize);
??????????? memcpy((void *)(buf+(datapages) * (datasize + oobsize) - oobsize), (void *)(oobtemp), oobsize);
??????? }
??? }
#endif
?
??? /* Do not allow reads past end of device */
??? if ((to + len) > mtd->size)
??????? return -EINVAL;
??? if (!len)
??????? return 0;
??? nand_get_device(chip, mtd, FL_WRITING);
??? chip->ops.len = len;
??? chip->ops.datbuf = (uint8_t *)buf;
?
#if defined(CONFIG_MTD_NAND_YAFFS2) //add yaffs2 file system support
??? if(mtd->rw_oob!=1)???
??? {
??????? chip->ops.oobbuf = NULL;
??? }
??? else???
??? {
??????? chip->ops.oobbuf = (uint8_t *)(buf + len);
??????? chip->ops.ooblen = mtd->oobsize;
??????? oldopsmode = chip->ops.mode;
??????? chip->ops.mode = MTD_OOB_RAW;
??? }
#else
??? chip->ops.oobbuf = NULL;
#endif
?
??? ret = nand_do_write_ops(mtd, to, &chip->ops);
??? *retlen = chip->ops.retlen;
??? nand_release_device(mtd);
?
#if defined(CONFIG_MTD_NAND_YAFFS2) //add yaffs2 file system support
??? chip->ops.mode = oldopsmode;
#endif
?
??? return ret;
}
OK,對(duì)yaffs2支持的代碼已修改完畢,重新編譯u-boot并下載到nand中,啟動(dòng)開發(fā)板,在u-boot的命令行輸入:nand help查看nand的命令,可以看到多了一個(gè)nand write[.yaffs2]的命令,這個(gè)就是用來下載yaffs2文件系統(tǒng)到nand中的命令了。
?
⑥、使用nand write[.yaffs2]命令把事前制作好的yaffs2文件系統(tǒng)下載到Nand Flash中(yaffs2文件系統(tǒng)的制作請(qǐng)參考:Linux-2.6.30.4在2440上的移植之文件系統(tǒng)),下載操作步驟和效果圖如下:
⑦、結(jié)合u-boot和內(nèi)核來測(cè)試啟動(dòng)下載的yaffs2文件系統(tǒng)
設(shè)置u-boot啟動(dòng)參數(shù)bootargs,注意:這一長串參數(shù)要與內(nèi)核配置里面的Boot options-->Default kernel command string的設(shè)置要一致。特別是mtdblock3要根據(jù)內(nèi)核具體的分區(qū)來設(shè),在上一篇中講到了內(nèi)核中Nand的分區(qū)情況,u-boot屬于mtdblock0,param屬于mtdblock1,kernel屬于mtdblock2,root就屬于mtdblock3,所以這里要設(shè)置成root=/dev/mtdblock3,否則文件系統(tǒng)無法啟動(dòng)成功,會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些什么I/O之類的錯(cuò)誤
好了,最后重啟開發(fā)板,內(nèi)核引導(dǎo)成功,yaffs2文件系統(tǒng)也掛載成功,效果圖如下:
?
tftp 0x30000000 root-2.6.30.4.bin //用tftp將yaffs2文件系統(tǒng)下載到內(nèi)存的0x30000000位置
nand erase 0x250000 0x3dac000 //擦除Nand的文件系統(tǒng)分區(qū)
nand write.yaffs2 0x30000000 0x250000 0x658170 //將內(nèi)存中的yaffs2文件系統(tǒng)寫入Nand的文件系統(tǒng)分區(qū),注意這里的0x658170是yaffs2文件系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際大小(可以在tftp傳送完后可以看到),要寫正確,否則會(huì)形成假壞塊
?
#gedit common/cmd_nand.c?? //在U_BOOT_CMD中添加
U_BOOT_CMD(nand, CONFIG_SYS_MAXARGS, 1, do_nand,
??? "NAND sub-system",
??? "info - show available NAND devices\n"
??? "nand device [dev] - show or set current device\n"
??? "nand read - addr off|partition size\n"
??? "nand write - addr off|partition size\n"
??? " read/write 'size' bytes starting at offset 'off'\n"
??? " to/from memory address 'addr', skipping bad blocks.\n"
//注意:這里只添加了yaffs2的寫命令,因?yàn)槲覀冎挥胾-boot下載(即寫)功能,所以我們沒有添加yaffs2讀的命令
#if defined(CONFIG_MTD_NAND_YAFFS2)
??? "nand write[.yaffs2] - addr off|partition size - write `size' byte yaffs image\n"
??? "?starting at offset off' from memory address addr' (.yaffs2 for 512+16 NAND)\n"
#endif
??? "nand erase [clean] [off size] - erase 'size' bytes from\n"
??? " offset 'off' (entire device if not specified)\n"
??? "nand bad - show bad blocks\n"
??? "nand dump[.oob] off - dump page\n"
??? "nand scrub - really clean NAND erasing bad blocks (UNSAFE)\n"
??? "nand markbad off [...] - mark bad block(s) at offset (UNSAFE)\n"
??? "nand biterr off - make a bit error at offset (UNSAFE)"
#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_NAND_LOCK_UNLOCK
??? "\n"
??? "nand lock [tight] [status]\n"
??? " bring nand to lock state or display locked pages\n"
??? "nand unlock [offset] [size] - unlock section"
#endif
);
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