幾個(gè)必不可少的Linux運(yùn)維腳本

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一、根據(jù)PID過(guò)濾進(jìn)程所有信息

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#!?/bin/bash
#?Function:?根據(jù)用戶輸入的PID，過(guò)濾出該P(yáng)ID所有的信息
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入要查詢的PID:?"?P
n=`ps?-aux|?awk?'$2~/^'$P'$/{print?$11}'|wc?-l`
if?[?$n?-eq?0?];then
?echo?"該P(yáng)ID不存在！！"
?exit
fi
echo?"--------------------------------"
echo?"進(jìn)程PID:?$P"
echo?"進(jìn)程命令：`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print?$11}'`"
echo?"進(jìn)程所屬用戶:?`ps?-aux|?awk?'$2~/^'$P'$/{print?$1}'`"
echo?"CPU占用率：`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print?$3}'`%"
echo?"內(nèi)存占用率：`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print?$4}'`%"
echo?"進(jìn)程開(kāi)始運(yùn)行的時(shí)刻：`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print?$9}'`"
echo?"進(jìn)程運(yùn)行的時(shí)間：`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print?$10}'`"
echo?"進(jìn)程狀態(tài)：`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print?$8}'`"
echo?"進(jìn)程虛擬內(nèi)存：`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print?$5}'`"
echo?"進(jìn)程共享內(nèi)存：`ps -aux| awk '$2~/^'$P'$/{print?$6}'`"
echo?"--------------------------------"

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二、根據(jù)進(jìn)程名過(guò)濾進(jìn)程信息

會(huì)顯示出該進(jìn)程名包含的所有線程

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#!?/bin/bash
#?Function:?根據(jù)輸入的程序的名字過(guò)濾出所對(duì)應(yīng)的PID，并顯示出詳細(xì)信息，如果有幾個(gè)PID，則全部顯示
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入要查詢的進(jìn)程名："?NAME
N=`ps?-aux?|?grep?$NAME?|?grep?-v?grep?|?wc?-l`?##統(tǒng)計(jì)進(jìn)程總數(shù)
if?[?$N?-le?0?];then
??echo?"該進(jìn)程名沒(méi)有運(yùn)行！"
fi
i=1
while?[?$N?-gt?0?]
do
??echo?"進(jìn)程PID:?`ps?-aux?|?grep?$NAME?|?grep?-v?grep?|?awk?'NR=='$i'{print?$0}'|?awk?'{print?$2}'`"
??echo?"進(jìn)程命令：`ps -aux | grep $NAME?|?grep?-v?grep?|?awk?'NR=='$i'{print?$0}'|?awk?'{print?$11}'`"
??echo?"進(jìn)程所屬用戶:?`ps?-aux?|?grep?$NAME?|?grep?-v?grep?|?awk?'NR=='$i'{print?$0}'|?awk?'{print?$1}'`"
??echo?"CPU占用率：`ps -aux | grep $NAME?|?grep?-v?grep?|?awk?'NR=='$i'{print?$0}'|?awk?'{print?$3}'`%"
??echo?"內(nèi)存占用率：`ps -aux | grep $NAME?|?grep?-v?grep?|?awk?'NR=='$i'{print?$0}'|?awk?'{print?$4}'`%"
??echo?"進(jìn)程開(kāi)始運(yùn)行的時(shí)刻：`ps -aux | grep $NAME?|?grep?-v?grep?|?awk?'NR=='$i'{print?$0}'|?awk?'{print?$9}'`"
??echo?"進(jìn)程運(yùn)行的時(shí)間：` ps -aux | grep $NAME?|?grep?-v?grep?|?awk?'NR=='$i'{print?$0}'|?awk?'{print?$11}'`"
??echo?"進(jìn)程狀態(tài)：`ps -aux | grep $NAME?|?grep?-v?grep?|?awk?'NR=='$i'{print?$0}'|?awk?'{print?$8}'`"
??echo?"進(jìn)程虛擬內(nèi)存：`ps -aux | grep $NAME?|?grep?-v?grep?|?awk?'NR=='$i'{print?$0}'|?awk?'{print?$5}'`"
??echo?"進(jìn)程共享內(nèi)存：`ps -aux | grep $NAME?|?grep?-v?grep?|?awk?'NR=='$i'{print?$0}'|?awk?'{print?$6}'`"
??echo?"***************************************************************"
??let?N--?i++
done

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三、根據(jù)用戶名查詢?cè)撚脩舻南嚓P(guān)信息

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#!?/bin/bash
# Function：根據(jù)用戶名查詢?cè)撚脩舻乃行畔?read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入要查詢的用戶名："?A
echo?"------------------------------"
n=`cat?/etc/passwd?|?awk?-F:?'$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'?|?wc?-l`
if?[?$n?-eq?0?];then
echo?"該用戶不存在"
echo?"------------------------------"
else
??echo?"該用戶的用戶名：$A"
??echo?"該用戶的UID：`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F:?'$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'|awk?-F:?'{print?$3}'`"
??echo?"該用戶的組為：`id $A?|?awk?{'print?$3'}`"
??echo?"該用戶的GID為：`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F:?'$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'|awk?-F:?'{print?$4}'`"
??echo?"該用戶的家目錄為：`cat /etc/passwd | awk -F:?'$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'|awk?-F:?'{print?$6}'`"
??Login=`cat?/etc/passwd?|?awk?-F:?'$1~/^'$A'$/{print}'|awk?-F:?'{print?$7}'`
??if?[?$Login?==?"/bin/bash"?];then
??echo?"該用戶有登錄系統(tǒng)的權(quán)限?。?
??echo?"------------------------------"
??elif?[?$Login?==?"/sbin/nologin"?];then
??echo?"該用戶沒(méi)有登錄系統(tǒng)的權(quán)限??！"
??echo?"------------------------------"
??fi
fi

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四、加固系統(tǒng)的一些配置

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#!?/bin/bash
#?Function:對(duì)賬戶的密碼的一些加固
read?-p?"設(shè)置密碼最多可多少天不修改："?A
read?-p?"設(shè)置密碼修改之間最小的天數(shù)："?B
read?-p?"設(shè)置密碼最短的長(zhǎng)度："?C
read?-p?"設(shè)置密碼失效前多少天通知用戶："?D
sed?-i?'/^PASS_MAX_DAYS/cPASS_MAX_DAYS?'$A''?/etc/login.defs
sed?-i?'/^PASS_MIN_DAYS/cPASS_MIN_DAYS?'$B''?/etc/login.defs
sed?-i?'/^PASS_MIN_LEN/cPASS_MIN_LEN?'$C''?/etc/login.defs
sed?-i?'/^PASS_WARN_AGE/cPASS_WARN_AGE?'$D''?/etc/login.defs

echo?"已對(duì)密碼進(jìn)行加固，新用戶不得和舊密碼相同，且新密碼必須同時(shí)包含數(shù)字、小寫(xiě)字母，大寫(xiě)字母！！"
sed?-i?'/pam_pwquality.so/cpassword?requisite?pam_pwquality.so?try_first_pass?local_users_only?retry=3?authtok_type=?difok=1?minlen=8?ucredit=-1?lcredit=-1?dcredit=-1'?/etc/pam.d/system-auth

echo?"已對(duì)密碼進(jìn)行加固，如果輸入錯(cuò)誤密碼超過(guò)3次，則鎖定賬戶??！"
n=`cat?/etc/pam.d/sshd?|?grep?"auth?required?pam_tally2.so?"|wc?-l`
if?[?$n?-eq?0?];then
sed?-i?'/%PAM-1.0/aauth?required?pam_tally2.so?deny=3?unlock_time=150?even_deny_root?root_unlock_time300'?/etc/pam.d/sshd
fi

echo??"已設(shè)置禁止root用戶遠(yuǎn)程登錄！！"
sed?-i?'/PermitRootLogin/cPermitRootLogin?no'??/etc/ssh/sshd_config

read?-p?"設(shè)置歷史命令保存條數(shù)："?E
read?-p?"設(shè)置賬戶自動(dòng)注銷(xiāo)時(shí)間："?F
sed?-i?'/^HISTSIZE/cHISTSIZE='$E''?/etc/profile
sed?-i?'/^HISTSIZE/aTMOUT='$F''?/etc/profile

echo?"已設(shè)置只允許wheel組的用戶可以使用su命令切換到root用戶！"
sed?-i?'/pam_wheel.so?use_uid/cauth?required?pam_wheel.so?use_uid?'?/etc/pam.d/su
n=`cat?/etc/login.defs?|?grep?SU_WHEEL_ONLY?|?wc?-l`
if?[?$n?-eq?0?];then
echo?SU_WHEEL_ONLY?yes?>>?/etc/login.defs
fi

echo?"即將對(duì)系統(tǒng)中的賬戶進(jìn)行檢查...."
echo?"系統(tǒng)中有登錄權(quán)限的用戶有："
awk?-F:?'($7=="/bin/bash"){print?$1}'?/etc/passwd
echo?"********************************************"
echo?"系統(tǒng)中UID=0的用戶有："
awk?-F:?'($3=="0"){print?$1}'?/etc/passwd
echo?"********************************************"
N=`awk?-F:?'($2==""){print?$1}'?/etc/shadow|wc?-l`
echo?"系統(tǒng)中空密碼用戶有：$N"
if?[?$N?-eq?0?];then
?echo?"恭喜你，系統(tǒng)中無(wú)空密碼用戶??！"
?echo?"********************************************"
else
?i=1
?while?[?$N?-gt?0?]
?do
????None=`awk?-F:?'($2==""){print?$1}'?/etc/shadow|awk?'NR=='$i'{print}'`
????echo?"------------------------"
????echo?$None
????echo?"必須為空用戶設(shè)置密碼??！"
????passwd?$None
????let?N--
?done
?M=`awk?-F:?'($2==""){print?$1}'?/etc/shadow|wc?-l`
?if?[?$M?-eq?0?];then
??echo?"恭喜，系統(tǒng)中已經(jīng)沒(méi)有空密碼用戶了！"
?else
echo?"系統(tǒng)中還存在空密碼用戶：$M"
?fi
fi

echo?"即將對(duì)系統(tǒng)中重要文件進(jìn)行鎖定，鎖定后將無(wú)法添加刪除用戶和組"
read?-p?"警告：此腳本運(yùn)行后將無(wú)法添加刪除用戶和組??！確定輸入Y，取消輸入N；Y/N："?i
case?$i?in
??????[Y,y])
????????????chattr?+i?/etc/passwd
????????????chattr?+i?/etc/shadow
????????????chattr?+i?/etc/group
????????????chattr?+i?/etc/gshadow
????????????echo?"鎖定成功！"
;;
??????[N,n])
????????????chattr?-i?/etc/passwd
????????????chattr?-i?/etc/shadow
????????????chattr?-i?/etc/group
????????????chattr?-i?/etc/gshadow
????????????echo?"取消鎖定成功??！"
;;
???????*)
????????????echo?"請(qǐng)輸入Y/y?or?N/n"
esac

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五、實(shí)現(xiàn)磁盤(pán)分區(qū)的

只支持分配主分區(qū)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的linux文件系統(tǒng)(ext4/xfs)的分區(qū)

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#!?/bin/bash
#?Function:對(duì)硬盤(pán)進(jìn)行分區(qū),得到一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的linux文件系統(tǒng)(ext4/xfs)的主分區(qū)
cat?/proc/partitions?>?old
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入你要分區(qū)的硬盤(pán)(寫(xiě)絕對(duì)路徑，如：/dev/sda)："?A
if?[?-e?$A?];then
??echo?"true"
else
??echo?"該設(shè)備不存在??！"
??exit
fi
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入你要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建的磁盤(pán)分區(qū)類(lèi)型(這里只能是主分區(qū)，默認(rèn)按回車(chē)即可):"?B
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入分區(qū)數(shù)字，范圍1-4，默認(rèn)從1開(kāi)始，默認(rèn)按回車(chē)即可："?C
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入扇區(qū)起始表號(hào)，默認(rèn)按回車(chē)即可："?D
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入你要分區(qū)的分區(qū)大小(格式：如?+5G?)："?E
fdisk?$A?<?new
F=`diff?new?old?|?grep?"<"?|?awk?'{print?$5}'`
echo?"-------------------------------"
echo?$F
echo?"你想對(duì)新分區(qū)設(shè)定什么類(lèi)型的文件系統(tǒng)？有以下選項(xiàng)："
echo?"A：ext4文件系統(tǒng)"
echo?"B：xfs文件系統(tǒng)"
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入你的選擇："?G
case?$G?in
????????a|A)
???????????mkfs.ext4?/dev/$F
???????????echo?"該分區(qū)將被掛載在?"/mnt/$F"?下"?
???????????m=`ls?/mnt/|grep?$F?|?wc?-l`
???????????if?[?$m?-eq?0?];then
????????????mkdir?/mnt/$F
???????????fi
???????????n=`cat?/etc/fstab?|?grep?/dev/$F|?wc?-l`
???????????if?[?$n?-eq?0?];then
??????????????echo?"/dev/$F?????/mnt/$F?????ext4?????????defaults??????????0??????0"?>>?/etc/fstab
???????????else
??????????????sed?-i?'/^/dev/$F/c/dev/$F?????/mnt/$F?????ext4?????????defaults??????????0??????0'?/etc/fstab
???????????fi
???????????mount?-a
???????????df?-Th
;;
????????b|B)
???????????mkfs.xfs?-f?/dev/$F
???????????echo?"該分區(qū)將被掛載在?"/mnt/$F"?下"?
???????????m=`ls?/mnt/|grep?$F?|?wc?-l`
???????????if?[?$m?-eq?0?];then
??????????????mkdir?/mnt/$F
???????????fi
???????????n=`cat?/etc/fstab?|?grep?/dev/$F?|?wc?-l`
???????????if?[?$n?-eq?0?];then
??????????????echo?"/dev/$F?????/mnt/$F??????xfs???????defaults??????????0??????0"?>>?/etc/fstab
???????????else
??????????????sed?-i?'/^/dev/$F/c/dev/$F?????/mnt/$F?????xfs?????????defaults??????????0??????0'?/etc/fstab
???????????fi
???????????mount?-a
???????????df?-Th
;;
????????*)
???????????echo?"你的輸入有誤！！"
esac

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六、使用一整塊硬盤(pán)創(chuàng)建邏輯卷

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#!/bin/bash
#?Function:使用一整塊硬盤(pán)創(chuàng)建LVM邏輯卷
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入你要做成邏輯卷的硬盤(pán)(寫(xiě)絕對(duì)路徑，如：/dev/sda)："?path
if?[?-e?$path?];then
??echo?"true"
else
??echo?"該設(shè)備不存在??！"
??exit
fi
pvcreate?$path
echo?"該硬盤(pán)已做成物理卷！"
vgcreate?myvg?$path
echo?"該物理卷已加入卷組?myvg?中"
vgs
free=`vgs|?awk?'$1~/myvg/{print}'|awk?'{print?$6}'`
echo?"該物理卷剩余的空間大小為：$free?"
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入你要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建邏輯卷的大小(如：1G)："?repy2
lvcreate?-L?$repy2?-n?mylv?myvg
echo?"已成功創(chuàng)建邏輯卷mylv"
echo?"------------------------"
lvs
echo?"------------------------"
echo?"你想對(duì)新分區(qū)設(shè)定什么類(lèi)型的文件系統(tǒng)？有以下選項(xiàng)："
echo?"A：ext4文件系統(tǒng)"
echo?"B：xfs文件系統(tǒng)"
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入你的選擇："?repy3
case?$repy3?in
????????a|A)
???????????mkfs.ext4?/dev/myvg/mylv
???????????echo?"該分區(qū)將被掛載在?"/mnt/mylv"?下"?
???????????m=`ls?/mnt/|grep?mylv?|?wc?-l`
???????????if?[?$m?-eq?0?];then
????????????mkdir?/mnt/mylv
???????????fi
???????????echo?"/dev/myvg/mylv?????/mnt/mylv?????ext4?????????defaults??????????0??????0"?>>?/etc/fstab
???????????mount?-a
???????????df?-Th
;;
????????b|B)
???????????mkfs.xfs?-f?/dev/myvg/mylv
???????????echo?"該分區(qū)將被掛載在?"/mnt/mylv"?下"?
???????????m=`ls?/mnt/|grep?mylv?|?wc?-l`
???????????if?[?$m?-eq?0?];then
??????????????mkdir?/mnt/mylv
???????????fi
???????????echo?"/dev/myvg/mylv?????/mnt/mylv??????xfs???????defaults??????????0??????0"?>>?/etc/fstab
???????????mount?-a
???????????df?-Th
;;
????????*)
???????????echo?"你的輸入有誤??！"
esac

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七、將一塊硬盤(pán)分區(qū)，然后分區(qū)設(shè)置為虛擬卷

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#!?/bin/bash
#?Author:謝公子
#?Date:2018-10-13
#?Function:新建一個(gè)分區(qū)，并做成邏輯卷
cat?/proc/partitions?>?old
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入你要分區(qū)的硬盤(pán)(寫(xiě)絕對(duì)路徑，如：/dev/sda)："?A
if?[?-e?$A?];then
??echo?"true"
else
??echo?"該設(shè)備不存在??！"
??exit
fi
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入你要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建的磁盤(pán)分區(qū)類(lèi)型(這里只能是主分區(qū)，默認(rèn)按回車(chē)即可):"?B
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入分區(qū)數(shù)字，范圍1-4，默認(rèn)從1開(kāi)始，默認(rèn)按回車(chē)即可："?C
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入扇區(qū)起始表號(hào)，默認(rèn)按回車(chē)即可："?D
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入你要分區(qū)的分區(qū)大小(格式：如?+5G?)："?E
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入你要?jiǎng)澐譃檫壿嬀淼姆謪^(qū)盤(pán)符(默認(rèn)回車(chē)即可)："?Z
fdisk?$A?<?new
F=`diff?new?old?|?grep?"<"?|?awk?'{print?$5}'`
echo?"-------------------------------"
echo?$F
pvcreate?/dev/$F
echo?"該硬盤(pán)已做成物理卷！"
n=`vgs?|?grep?myvg?|wc?-l`
if?[?$n?-eq?0?];then
???vgcreate?myvg?/dev/$F
???echo?"該物理卷已加入卷組myvg中"
else
???vgextend?myvg?/dev/$F
???echo??"該物理卷已加入卷組myvg中"
???vgs
???free=`vgs|?awk?'$1~/myvg/{print}'|awk?'{print?$7}'`
???echo?"該卷組剩余的空間大小為：$free?"
???lvs
???exit
fi
vgs
free=`vgs|?awk?'$1~/myvg/{print}'|awk?'{print?$6}'`
echo?"該卷組剩余的空間大小為：$free?"
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入你要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建邏輯卷的大小(如：1G)："?repy2
lvcreate?-L?$repy2?-n?mylv?myvg
echo?"已成功創(chuàng)建邏輯卷mylv"
echo?"------------------------"
lvs
echo?"------------------------"
echo?"你想對(duì)新分區(qū)設(shè)定什么類(lèi)型的文件系統(tǒng)？有以下選項(xiàng)："
echo?"A：ext4文件系統(tǒng)"
echo?"B：xfs文件系統(tǒng)"
read?-p?"請(qǐng)輸入你的選擇："?G
case?$G?in
????????a|A)
???????????mkfs.ext4?/dev/myvg/mylv
???????????echo?"該分區(qū)將被掛載在?"/mnt/$F"?下"?
???????????m=`ls?/mnt/|grep?$F?|?wc?-l`
???????????if?[?$m?-eq?0?];then
????????????mkdir?/mnt/$F
???????????fi
???????????echo?"/dev/myvg/mylv?????/mnt/$F?????ext4?????????defaults??????????0??????0"?>>?/etc/fstab
???????????mount?-a
???????????df?-Th
;;
????????b|B)
???????????mkfs.xfs?-f?/dev/myvg/mylv
???????????echo?"該分區(qū)將被掛載在?"/mnt/$F"?下"?
???????????m=`ls?/mnt/|grep?$F?|?wc?-l`
???????????if?[?$m?-eq?0?];then
??????????????mkdir?/mnt/$F
???????????fi
???????????echo?"/dev/myvg/mylv?????/mnt/$F??????xfs???????defaults??????????0??????0"?>>?/etc/fstab
???????????mount?-a
???????????df?-Th
;;
????????*)
???????????echo?"你的輸入有誤?。?
esac

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　　審核編輯：湯梓紅