linux shell腳本分享

前言

大家好，這里是浩道linux，主要給大家分享linux、python、網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信相關(guān)的IT知識平臺。

今天浩道跟大家分享shell腳本硬核干貨，可以說是拿來即用序列！

一、實現(xiàn)磁盤分區(qū)的

只支持分配主分區(qū)和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的linux文件系統(tǒng)(ext4/xfs)的分區(qū)

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#!?/bin/bash
#?Function:對硬盤進行分區(qū),得到一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的linux文件系統(tǒng)(ext4/xfs)的主分區(qū)
cat?/proc/partitions?>?old
read?-p?"請輸入你要分區(qū)的硬盤(寫絕對路徑，如：/dev/sda)："?A
if?[?-e?$A?];then
??echo?"true"
else
??echo?"該設(shè)備不存在??！"
??exit
fi
read?-p?"請輸入你要創(chuàng)建的磁盤分區(qū)類型(這里只能是主分區(qū)，默認(rèn)按回車即可):"?B
read?-p?"請輸入分區(qū)數(shù)字，范圍1-4，默認(rèn)從1開始，默認(rèn)按回車即可："?C
read?-p?"請輸入扇區(qū)起始表號，默認(rèn)按回車即可："?D
read?-p?"請輸入你要分區(qū)的分區(qū)大小(格式：如?+5G )："?E
fdisk?$A?<?new
F=`diff?new?old?|?grep?"<"?|?awk?'{print?$5}'`
echo?"-------------------------------"
echo?$F
echo?"你想對新分區(qū)設(shè)定什么類型的文件系統(tǒng)？有以下選項："
echo?"A：ext4文件系統(tǒng)"
echo?"B：xfs文件系統(tǒng)"
read?-p?"請輸入你的選擇："?G
case?$G?in
????????a|A)
???????????mkfs.ext4?/dev/$F
???????????echo?"該分區(qū)將被掛載在?"/mnt/$F"?下"?
???????????m=`ls?/mnt/|grep?$F?|?wc?-l`
???????????if?[?$m?-eq?0?];then
????????????mkdir?/mnt/$F
???????????fi
???????????n=`cat?/etc/fstab?|?grep?/dev/$F|?wc?-l`
???????????if?[?$n?-eq?0?];then
??????????????echo?"/dev/$F?????/mnt/$F?????ext4?????????defaults??????????0??????0"?>>?/etc/fstab
???????????else
??????????????sed?-i?'/^/dev/$F/c/dev/$F?????/mnt/$F?????ext4?????????defaults??????????0??????0'?/etc/fstab
???????????fi
???????????mount?-a
???????????df?-Th
;;
????????b|B)
???????????mkfs.xfs?-f?/dev/$F
???????????echo?"該分區(qū)將被掛載在?"/mnt/$F"?下"?
???????????m=`ls?/mnt/|grep?$F?|?wc?-l`
???????????if?[?$m?-eq?0?];then
??????????????mkdir?/mnt/$F
???????????fi
???????????n=`cat?/etc/fstab?|?grep?/dev/$F?|?wc?-l`
???????????if?[?$n?-eq?0?];then
??????????????echo?"/dev/$F?????/mnt/$F??????xfs???????defaults??????????0??????0"?>>?/etc/fstab
???????????else
??????????????sed?-i?'/^/dev/$F/c/dev/$F?????/mnt/$F?????xfs?????????defaults??????????0??????0'?/etc/fstab
???????????fi
???????????mount?-a
???????????df?-Th
;;
????????*)
???????????echo?"你的輸入有誤??！"
esac

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二、服務(wù)器初始化

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#/bin/bash
# 設(shè)置時區(qū)并同步時間
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
if ! crontab -l |grep ntpdate &>/dev/null ; then
    (echo "* 1 * * * ntpdate time.windows.com >/dev/null 2>&1";crontab -l) |crontab
fi

# 禁用selinux
sed -i '/SELINUX/{s/permissive/disabled/}' /etc/selinux/config

# 關(guān)閉防火墻
if egrep "7.[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then
    systemctl stop firewalld
    systemctl disable firewalld
elif egrep "6.[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then
    service iptables stop
    chkconfig iptables off
fi

# 歷史命令顯示操作時間
if ! grep HISTTIMEFORMAT /etc/bashrc; then
    echo 'export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T `whoami` "' >> /etc/bashrc
fi

# SSH超時時間
if ! grep "TMOUT=600" /etc/profile &>/dev/null; then
    echo "export TMOUT=600" >> /etc/profile
fi

# 禁止root遠程登錄
sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

# 禁止定時任務(wù)向發(fā)送郵件
sed -i 's/^MAILTO=root/MAILTO=""/' /etc/crontab

# 設(shè)置最大打開文件數(shù)
if ! grep "* soft nofile 65535" /etc/security/limits.conf &>/dev/null; then
    cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF
    * soft nofile 65535
    * hard nofile 65535
EOF
fi

# 系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核優(yōu)化
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 20480
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 20480
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20
EOF

# 減少SWAP使用
echo "0" > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness

# 安裝系統(tǒng)性能分析工具及其他
yum install gcc make autoconf vim sysstat net-tools iostat if

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三、查看網(wǎng)卡實時流量

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#!/bin/bash
NIC=$1
echo -e " In ------ Out"
while true; do
    OLD_IN=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $2}' /proc/net/dev)
    OLD_OUT=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $10}' /proc/net/dev)
    sleep 1
    NEW_IN=$(awk  '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $2}' /proc/net/dev)
    NEW_OUT=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $10}' /proc/net/dev)
    IN=$(printf "%.1f%s" "$((($NEW_IN-$OLD_IN)/1024))" "KB/s")
    OUT=$(printf "%.1f%s" "$((($NEW_OUT-$OLD_OUT)/1024))" "KB/s")
    echo "$IN $OUT"
    sleep 1
done

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四、nginx日志按天切割

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#!/bin/bash
LOG_DIR=/usr/local/nginx/logs
YESTERDAY_TIME=$(date -d "yesterday" +%F)
LOG_MONTH_DIR=$LOG_DIR/$(date +"%Y-%m")
LOG_FILE_LIST="default.access.log"

for LOG_FILE in $LOG_FILE_LIST; do
    [ ! -d $LOG_MONTH_DIR ] && mkdir -p $LOG_MONTH_DIR
    mv $LOG_DIR/$LOG_FILE $LOG_MONTH_DIR/${LOG_FILE}_${YESTERDAY_TIME}
done

kill -USR1 $(cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid)

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五、nginx?acc日志分析

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#!/bin/bash
# 日志格式: $remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"
LOG_FILE=$1
echo "統(tǒng)計訪問最多的10個IP"
awk '{a[$1]++}END{print "UV:",length(a);for(v in a)print v,a[v]}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr |head -10
echo "----------------------"

echo "統(tǒng)計時間段訪問最多的IP"
awk '$4>="[01/Dec/201820:25" && $4<="[27/Nov/201820:49"{a[$1]++}END{for(v in a)print v,a[v]}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr|head -10
echo "----------------------"

echo "統(tǒng)計訪問最多的10個頁面"
awk '{a[$7]++}END{print "PV:",length(a);for(v in a){if(a[v]>10)print v,a[v]}}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr
echo "----------------------"

echo "統(tǒng)計訪問頁面狀態(tài)碼數(shù)量"
awk '{a[$7" "$9]++}END{for(v in a){if(a[v]>5) print v,a[v]}}'

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六、監(jiān)控服務(wù)器磁盤利用率

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#!/bin/bash
HOST_INFO=host.info  # 主機列表，實現(xiàn)采集多臺主機信息，需要能夠ssh到目標(biāo)主機
for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $HOST_INFO); do
    USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)
    PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)
    TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp
    ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP 'df -h' > $TMP_FILE
    USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $NF,int($5)}' $TMP_FILE)
    for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do
        PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*}
        USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=}
        if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then
            echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"
        fi
    done
done

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七、mysql備份

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#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)
HOST=localhost
USER=backup
PASS=passwd
BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup
DB_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "show databases;" 2>/dev/null |egrep -v "Database|information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|sys")

for DB in $DB_LIST; do
    BACKUP_DB_DIR=$BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE}
    [ ! -d $BACKUP_DB_DIR ] && mkdir -p $BACKUP_DB_DIR &>/dev/null
    TABLE_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "use $DB;show tables;" 2>/dev/null)
    for TABLE in $TABLE_LIST; do
        BACKUP_NAME=$BACKUP_DB_DIR/${TABLE}.sql
        if ! mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS $DB $TABLE > $BACKUP_NAME 2>/dev/null; then
            echo "$BACKUP_NAME 備份失敗!"
        fi
    done
done

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八、統(tǒng)計進程數(shù)，找出并kill掉僵尸進程

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#!/bin/ bash
ALL_PROCESS=$(1s /proc/ l egrep "[0-9]+")
running_count=0
stoped_count=0s1eeping_count=0zombie_count=O
for pid in ${ALL_PROCESS[*]}do
test -f /proc/$pid/status && state=$(egrep "state"/proc/$pid/status / awk'{print $2}')
case ""$state" in
R)
running_count=$ ((running_count+1))
;
T)
stoped_count=$((stoped_count+1))
;;
s)
sleeping_count=$((sleeping_count+1));
z)
zombie_count=$( (zombie_count+1)) echo "$pid" >>zombie.txt
kill -9 "$pid"
;;
esacdone
echo -e "total:
$((running_count+stoped_count+sleeping_count+zombie_count))
running:$running_count
stoped: $stoped_count
sleeping: $sleeping_count
zombie:$zombie_count"

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九、封禁大量惡意訪問的IP

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#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M)
LOG_FILE=/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log
ABNORMAL_IP=$(tail -n10000 $LOG_FILE |grep $DATE |awk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>10)print i}')
for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do
    if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then
        iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP
        echo "$(date +'%F_%T') $IP" >> /tmp/drop_ip.log
    fi
done

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　　審核編輯：湯梓紅