開發(fā)一種基于Matlab與LabVIEW的電機測試平臺

本期帶來基于Matlab與LabVIEW聯(lián)合開發(fā)的電機測試平臺，LabVIEW是一款圖形化開環(huán)設(shè)計軟件，可以實現(xiàn)VXI、串口、GPIBPXI等總線的通信，具有良好的通用性能，可以極大的縮短系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)時間，提高工作效率。本系統(tǒng)能實時采集電機在不同工況運行下的各種參數(shù)，對電機的電壓、電流、功率等進行監(jiān)測，實現(xiàn)對電機性能的檢測。LabVIEW通過SIT工具包調(diào)用來實現(xiàn)Matlab對電機啟動的電流等信號進行分析與處理。

1、系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成

系統(tǒng)基于虛擬儀器為核心的測試平臺，其數(shù)據(jù)采集卡選用的是美國NI公司產(chǎn)品，并配以外圍電機驅(qū)動電路如直流電機的供電電源控制、起動大電路等部分，由程序來控制外圍驅(qū)動電路以實現(xiàn)對電機的起動和制動控制。整個過程充分發(fā)揮了計算機在數(shù)據(jù)處理、顯示和存儲上的強大功能，使得整個測試系統(tǒng)的高效性得到了保證，極大提高了系統(tǒng)的靈活性。編程環(huán)境選擇LabVIEW編程語言，并結(jié)合Matlab對電機信號處理分析，充分利用二者的混合編程技術(shù)，提高電機測試平臺的效率。

2、硬件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計

電機測試系統(tǒng)硬件主要包括為電機提供能量及驅(qū)動的電機控制柜，用于測量電機功率信息的功率分析儀，兩電機間用于測量扭矩、電機轉(zhuǎn)速的扭矩傳感器，為系統(tǒng)降溫的水冷系統(tǒng)和用于測量水冷系統(tǒng)水溫的溫度采集卡，讀取系統(tǒng)數(shù)字信號及模擬信號的數(shù)據(jù)釆集卡。

3、軟件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計

利用LabVIEW良好的人機交互特性，將所需調(diào)用的參數(shù)和仿真信息全部顯示在界面上，以便實時觀測電機各參數(shù)檢測結(jié)果。

4、Matlab實時通訊

LabVIEW通過仿真接口工具包（SIT）可調(diào)用MATLAB/Simulink程序并能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)同步通訊。安裝MATLAB、LabVIEW和仿真接口工具包SIT后打開MATLAB，運行edit MATLABrc，在打開的MATLABrc 文件末尾添加：

addpath('C:\\Simulation InterfaceToolkit'); % 將SimilinkInterface Toolkit添加到Path中

NISIT_Add Paths;

NISITServer;

MATLAB，在命令窗口上會出現(xiàn)以下信息:

Starting the SIT Server on Port 6011

SIT Server started

打開Simulink可以在Libraries找到NISIT Blocks 模塊。建立MATLAB與LabVIEW實時通訊主要分為兩個步驟，即指定模型路徑和控件與模型建立連接。

（1）指定MATLAB仿真路徑

打開前面建立的LabVIEW控制界面，選擇工具下的SITConnection Manager, 進入配置頁面。首先選擇Modeland Host選項卡，在Current Model中，指定Sinulink路徑

（2）控件與模塊建立連接

選擇Mappings選項卡，指定LabVIEW前面板中輸入控件、波形圖表與永磁同步電機矢量控制系統(tǒng)MATLAB/Simulink仿真模型模型的參數(shù)一一對應(yīng)。

%%%%%%%%%總體改變%%%%%%%
%%%% n 行波波數(shù)
%%%% u 定轉(zhuǎn)子動摩擦系數(shù)
%%%% ke 摩擦材料的等效剛度
%%%% R 轉(zhuǎn)子等效半徑
%%%% Dz 軸向阻尼系數(shù)
%%%% Dr 轉(zhuǎn)子光電總阻尼
%%%% Fn 預(yù)壓力
%%%%電機工作頻率
%%%%行波波長
%%%%%%%%%%總體改變%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%參數(shù)值
J17=9;
J18=0.2;
J19=2.6E+09;
J21=3.10E-03;
J25=9300;
J26=10;
J27=70000;
J29=0.00014;
J30=0.0005;
J20=1.5E-03;
J22=0.00000066675;
J23=0.000000142;
J24=0.0005;
J28=2*3.1415926*J27;


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%參數(shù)值
gain0=J17/J21;
gain1=1/gain0;
gain2=gain0;
gain3=gain1;
gain4=2*J18*J19*J22;
gain5=2;
gain6=J17*J21;
gain7=1/J23;
gain8=J21/gain0/J28;
gain9=gain1;
gain10=60/3.1415926/2;
gain11=2*J17*J19;
gain12=J25;
gain13=1/J24;
gain14=1;
gain15=gain1;
%%%%%%%%%%%%%轉(zhuǎn)換為set_para可以用的字符串類型,并且不丟失精度
temp=sym(gain0);
gain0=char(vpa(temp,15));
temp=sym(gain1);
gain1=char(vpa(temp,15));
temp=sym(gain2);
gain2=char(vpa(temp,15));
temp=sym(gain3);
gain3=char(vpa(temp,15));
temp=sym(gain4);
gain4=char(vpa(temp,15));
temp=sym(gain5);
gain5=char(vpa(temp,15));
temp=sym(gain6);
gain6=char(vpa(temp,15));
temp=sym(gain7);
gain7=char(vpa(temp,15));
temp=sym(gain8);
gain8=char(vpa(temp,15));
temp=sym(gain9);
gain9=char(vpa(temp,15));
temp=sym(gain10);
gain10=char(vpa(temp,15));
temp=sym(gain11);
gain11=char(vpa(temp,15));
temp=sym(gain12);
gain12=char(vpa(temp,15));
temp=sym(gain13);
gain13=char(vpa(temp,15));
temp=sym(gain14);
gain14=char(vpa(temp,15));
temp=sym(gain15);
gain15=char(vpa(temp,15));
%%%將三個simulink模型參數(shù)調(diào)整
open ModerForJ.slx
set_param('ModerForJ/Gain0','Gain',gain0);
set_param('ModerForJ/Gain1','Gain',gain1);
set_param('ModerForJ/Gain2','Gain',gain2);
set_param('ModerForJ/Gain3','Gain',gain3);
set_param('ModerForJ/Gain4','Gain',gain4);
set_param('ModerForJ/Gain5','Gain',gain5);
set_param('ModerForJ/Gain6','Gain',gain6);
set_param('ModerForJ/Gain7','Gain',gain7);
set_param('ModerForJ/Gain8','Gain',gain8);
set_param('ModerForJ/Gain9','Gain',gain9);
set_param('ModerForJ/Gain10','Gain',gain10);
set_param('ModerForJ/Gain11','Gain',gain11);
set_param('ModerForJ/Gain12','Gain',gain12);
set_param('ModerForJ/Gain13','Gain',gain13);
set_param('ModerForJ/Gain14','Gain',gain14);
set_param('ModerForJ/Gain15','Gain',gain15);
save_system;
close_system
open ModerForT.slx
set_param('ModerForT/Gain0','Gain',gain0);
set_param('ModerForT/Gain1','Gain',gain1);
set_param('ModerForT/Gain2','Gain',gain2);
set_param('ModerForT/Gain3','Gain',gain3);
set_param('ModerForT/Gain4','Gain',gain4);
set_param('ModerForT/Gain5','Gain',gain5);
set_param('ModerForT/Gain6','Gain',gain6);
set_param('ModerForT/Gain7','Gain',gain7);
set_param('ModerForT/Gain8','Gain',gain8);
set_param('ModerForT/Gain9','Gain',gain9);
set_param('ModerForT/Gain10','Gain',gain10);
set_param('ModerForT/Gain11','Gain',gain11);
set_param('ModerForT/Gain12','Gain',gain12);
set_param('ModerForT/Gain13','Gain',gain13);
set_param('ModerForT/Gain14','Gain',gain14);
set_param('ModerForT/Gain15','Gain',gain15);
save_system;
close_system
open ModerForV.slx
set_param('ModerForV/Gain0','Gain',gain0);
set_param('ModerForV/Gain1','Gain',gain1);
set_param('ModerForV/Gain2','Gain',gain2);
set_param('ModerForV/Gain3','Gain',gain3);
set_param('ModerForV/Gain4','Gain',gain4);
set_param('ModerForV/Gain5','Gain',gain5);
set_param('ModerForV/Gain6','Gain',gain6);
set_param('ModerForV/Gain7','Gain',gain7);
set_param('ModerForV/Gain8','Gain',gain8);
set_param('ModerForV/Gain9','Gain',gain9);
set_param('ModerForV/Gain10','Gain',gain10);
set_param('ModerForV/Gain11','Gain',gain11);
set_param('ModerForV/Gain12','Gain',gain12);
set_param('ModerForV/Gain13','Gain',gain13);
set_param('ModerForV/Gain14','Gain',gain14);
set_param('ModerForV/Gain15','Gain',gain15);
save_system;
close_system

或者，通過LabVIEW的MATLABScript節(jié)點實現(xiàn)LabVIEW與Matlab的混合編程。MatlabScript節(jié)點屬于數(shù)學(xué)的公式節(jié)點選板中。使用Math Script有兩種方法：使用LabviewMath Script窗口；或者在圖形程序中使用MathScript節(jié)點。和Matlab比較兩者編程語法結(jié)構(gòu)完全相同，并支持從Matlab編譯環(huán)境的程序?qū)隠abVIEWMath Script，方便開發(fā)人員進行程序的移植，縮短開發(fā)周期。

5、測試分析

6、小結(jié)

基于LabVIEW開發(fā)平臺，采用模塊化設(shè)計方法，完成各個硬件模塊以及數(shù)據(jù)顯示、存儲模塊的程序開發(fā)。實現(xiàn)了測試系統(tǒng)中工控機與各個硬件設(shè)備之間的數(shù)據(jù)通信、被測電機和負載的精確控制、測試數(shù)據(jù)的處理、顯示與存儲功能。