電動汽車充電站如何保護-多回路限流式保護箱

安科瑞 任心怡

技術(shù)支持：安科瑞 彭峰

摘 要：交流充電樁俗稱“慢充樁”，固定安裝在電動汽車外、與交流電網(wǎng)連接，國標采用 220V單相交流電，為電動汽車車載充電機（即固定安裝在電動汽車上的充電機）提供交流電源的供電裝置。國家標準GB51348-2019中規(guī)定儲備倉庫、電動車充電等場所的末端回路應(yīng)設(shè)置限流式電氣防火保護器。電氣防火限流式保護器可以有效克服傳統(tǒng)斷路器、空氣開關(guān)和監(jiān)控設(shè)備存在的短路電流大、切斷短路電流時間長、短路時產(chǎn)生的電弧火花大，以及使用壽命短等弊端，當發(fā)生短路故障時，能以微秒級速度快速限制短路電流以實現(xiàn)滅弧保護，從而能顯著減少電氣火災(zāi)事故，保障使用場所人員和財產(chǎn)的安全。

Abstract: AC charging pile, commonly known as "slow charging pile", is fixedly installed outside the electric vehicle and connected to the AC grid. The national standard adopts 220V single-phase alternating current on the power supply device that provides AC power on-board chargers for electric vehicles (that is, the chargers that fixedly installed on electric vehicles). The national standard GB51348-2019 stipulates that it should be equipped with current-limiting electrical fire protection devices in the places for reserve warehouses, electric vehicle charging and so on. Electrical fire-resistant current-limiting protectors can effectively overcome the disadvantages such as high current during short-circuit, long time to cut off short-circuit current, large arc sparks generated during short-circuit, and short service life of the traditional circuit breakers like air switches and monitoring equipments.When a short-circuit fault occurs,it can quickly limit the short-circuit current at a microsecond speed to achieve arc extinguishing protection, which can significantly reduce electrical fire accidents and ensure the safety of personnel and property on site.

關(guān)鍵詞：電動車充電樁；交流充電樁；充電樁配電箱；慢充樁；短路保護；電氣防火

Keywords: electric vehicle charging pile; AC charging pile; charging pile distribution box; slow charging pile; short-circuit protection; electrical fire protection

0 行業(yè)背景

0.Industry background

隨著世界的發(fā)展，環(huán)境保護成為整個人類命運共同體的任務(wù)。新能源車因為沒有尾氣排放，不會產(chǎn)生一氧化碳，二氧化碳，氮氧化合物等有害物質(zhì)，沒有噪聲污染，對環(huán)境污染較小，全世界各國政府也為此提供優(yōu)惠政策鼓勵電動車科技的普及。

With the development of the world, environmental protection has become the task of the human community with a shared future. Because new energy vehicles have no exhaust emissions, no harmful substances such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, no noise pollution, and less environmental pollution, governments around the world also provide preferential policies to encourage the popularization of electric vehicle technology.

交流充電樁俗稱“慢充樁”，固定安裝在電動汽車外、與交流電網(wǎng)連接，國標采用 220V 單相交流電，為電動汽車車載充電機（即固定安裝在電動汽車上的充電機）提供交流電源的供電裝置。交流充電樁只提供電力輸出，沒有充電功能，需連接車載充電機為電動汽車充電，只起到控制電源的作用的。其采用符合國標的交流充電模式，輸出功率不高于 7kW，一般車輛電池從 0 到充滿需要 5-8 小時，具體情況視不同車型動力電池容量及實際充電功率而定。

AC charging pile, commonly known as "slow charging pile", is fixedly installed outside the electric vehicle and connected to the AC grid. The national standard adopts 220V single-phase alternating current on the power supply device that provides AC power on-board chargers for electric vehicles (that is, the chargers that fixedly installed on electric vehicles). The AC charging pile only provides power output and has no charging function. It needs to be connected to the on-board charger to charge the electric vehicle, which only plays the role of controlling the power source. It adopts an AC charging mode that conforms to the national standard, and the output power is not higher than 7kW. Generally, it takes 5-8 hours for a vehicle battery to be fully charged from 0. The specific situation depends on the capacity of the power battery of different models and the actual charging power.

對于電動車充電樁，國家標準GB51348-2019《民用建筑電氣設(shè)計標準》中13.5.5規(guī)定，儲備倉庫、電動車充電等場所的末端回路應(yīng)設(shè)置限流式電氣防火保護器。

For electric vehicle charging piles, the national standard GB51348-2019 《Civil Building Electrical Design Standards》13.5.5 stipulates that it should be equipped with current-limiting electrical fire protection devices in the places for reserve warehouses, electric vehicle charging and so on.

1 產(chǎn)品介紹

1.Product introduction

ASCP系列電氣防火限流式保護器是安科瑞專門為了保護低壓配電線路中短路、過載等問題研發(fā)，可以有效克服傳統(tǒng)斷路器、空氣開關(guān)和監(jiān)控設(shè)備存在的短路電流大、切斷短路電流時間長、短路時產(chǎn)生的電弧火花大，以及使用壽命短等弊端，當發(fā)生短路故障時，能以微秒級速度快速限制短路電流以實現(xiàn)滅弧保護，從而能顯著減少電氣火災(zāi)事故，保障使用場所人員和財產(chǎn)的安全。

The ASCP series of electrical fire-resistant current-limiting protectors are specially developed by Acrel to protect short-circuit and overload problems in low-voltage power distribution lines. It can effectively overcome the disadvantages such as high current during short-circuit, long time to cut off short-circuit current, large arc sparks generated during short-circuit, and short service life of the traditional circuit breakers like air switches and monitoring equipments. When a short-circuit fault occurs,it can quickly limit the short-circuit current at a microsecond speed to achieve arc extinguishing protection, which can significantly reduce electrical fire accidents and ensure the safety of personnel and property on site.

ASCP系列電氣防火限流式保護器可廣泛應(yīng)用于學(xué)校、醫(yī)院、商場、賓館、娛樂場所、寺廟、文物建筑、圖書館、檔案室、會展、住宅、倉庫、幼兒園、老年人建筑、集體宿舍、電動車充電站及租售式商場商鋪、批發(fā)市場、集貿(mào)市場、甲乙丙類危險品庫房等各種用電場所末端干、支路的線路保護。

The ASCP series of electrical fire protection current-limiting protectors can be widely used in the protection of main and branch line in various places where electricity is used,such as schools, hospitals, shopping malls, hotels, entertainment venues, temples, cultural relics, libraries, archives, exhibitions, residences, warehouses, kindergartens, elderly buildings, dormitories, Electric vehicle charging stations and leased-for-sale shopping malls, wholesale markets, bazaars, dangerous goods warehouses for Class A, B, and C, and so on.

對于電動汽車充電站中采用集中配電箱的情況，推薦使用ASCP500-40B系列多回路限流式保護箱。既簡化了安裝，也比較嗎，美觀實用。產(chǎn)品如下圖所示。

For the case of using a centralized distribution box in an electric vehicle charging station, it is recommended to use the ASCP500-40B series of multi-circuit current-limiting protective boxes. It not only simplifies the installation, but also can be more beautiful and practical. The product is showed below.

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2 功能介紹Function introduction

■ 短路保護功能。保護器實時監(jiān)測4/6個用電線路電流，當線路發(fā)生短路故障時，能在150微秒內(nèi)實現(xiàn)快速限流保護，并發(fā)出聲光報警信號。

The function of Short-circuit protection. The protector monitors the current of 4/6 power lines in real time. When a short-circuit fault occurs, it can achieve rapid current-limiting protection within 150 microseconds and send out sound and light alarm signal.

■ 過載保護功能。當被保護線路的電流過載且過載持續(xù)時間超過動作時間（3~60秒可設(shè)）時，保護器啟動限流保護，并發(fā)出聲光報警信號。

The function of overload protection. When the current of the protected circuit is overloaded and the duration of the overload exceeds the action time (3~60 seconds can be set), the protector will start the current-limiting protection and send out sound and light alarm signal.

■ 表內(nèi)超溫保護功能。當保護器內(nèi)部器件工作溫度過高時，保護器實施超溫限流保護，并發(fā)出聲光報警信號。

The function of over-temperature protection in the meter. When the operating temperature of the internal components of the protector is too high, the protector implements over-temperature and current-limiting protection and sends out sound and light alarm signal.

■ 過欠壓保護功能。當保護器檢測到線路電壓欠壓或過壓時，保護器發(fā)出聲光報警信號，可預(yù)先設(shè)置是否啟動限流保護。

The function of Over-voltage protection. When the protector detects undervoltage or overvoltage of the line voltage, the protector sends out sound and light alarm signal, and it can be set in advance whether to activate current-limiting protection.

■ 漏電流監(jiān)測功能。當被監(jiān)測的線路漏電超過報警設(shè)定值時，保護器發(fā)出聲光報警信號，可預(yù)先設(shè)置是否啟動限流保護。

The function of leakage current monitoring. When the monitored line leakage exceeds the alarm setting value, the protector will send out sound and light alarm signal，and it can be set in advance whether to activate current limiting protection.

■ 保護器顯示單元具有1路RS485接口，可以外接無線通訊模塊，支持2G、NB-IoT和4G，可以將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到后臺監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，實現(xiàn)遠程監(jiān)控。監(jiān)控后臺可以是安科瑞Acrel-6000/B電氣火災(zāi)監(jiān)控主機，也可以是安科瑞Acrel-6000安全用電管理云平臺，或第三方監(jiān)控軟件或平臺。

■ The protector display unit has a RS485 interface, which can be connected to a wireless communication module, supports 2G, NB-IoT and 4G, and can send data to the background monitoring system to realize remote monitoring. The monitoring background not only can be the host for electrical fire monitoring of Acrel Acrel-6000/B ,but also can be the safe cloud platform for power management of Ankerui Acrel-6000, even can be a third-party monitoring software or platform.

3 產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用

3.Product application

對于交流充電樁，一般會采用集中供電的方式，如果是戶外立柱安裝，充電樁分布在多個位置，位置比較分散，每個充電樁都去安裝電氣防火限流式保護器，比較麻煩，而且沒有安裝位置，而且防水要求較高。如果是室內(nèi)掛墻安裝，保護器安裝在墻面需要占用一定位置。而采用統(tǒng)一集中安裝的方式，方便管理和維護。

For AC charging piles, centralized power supply is generally used. If it is installed outdoor, the charging piles are distributed in multiple locations, and the positions are relatively scattered. It’s trouble to install electrical fire-resistant current-limiting protector on every charging pile,and also,there is no installation location and the requirement of waterproof is really high.. If it is installed on the wall indoor, the protector needs a certain position.However, the unified and centralized installation way is convenient to manage and maintain.

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室內(nèi)停車場，充電樁采用壁掛的方式

Indoor parking lot, the charging pile is wall-mounted

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戶外停車場，采用立柱的方式分散安裝

Outdoor parking lot, using columns to install dispersedly

充電樁的配電箱一般在設(shè)計的時候就采用集中安裝的方式，如下圖所示。

The distribution box of the charging pile is generally installed in a centralized manner during the design, as shown in the following figure.

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所以根據(jù)設(shè)計圖紙，可以分批集中安裝于墻面。

Therefore, it can be installed on the wall in batches according to the design drawings.

4 結(jié)語Conclusion

新能源汽車行業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展，越來越多的居民小區(qū)和商業(yè)建筑都在新建或者改造電動汽車充電樁，而電氣防火限流式保護器的安裝又是必要元件，所以一個好的配套安裝至關(guān)重要。我們應(yīng)該探索更多的電氣防火限流式保護器的安裝與使用。

The new energy vehicle industry continues to develop, and more and more residential communities and commercial buildings are building or renovating electric vehicle charging piles. The installation of electrical fire protection current-limiting protectors is a necessary component, so a good supporting installation is crucial important. We should explore the installation and use of more electrical fire-resistant current-limiting protectors.

參考文獻 references

[1] 安科瑞企業(yè)微電網(wǎng)設(shè)計與應(yīng)用手冊.2019.11版

Acrel Enterprise Microgrid Design and Application Manual. 2019.11 Edition
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　　審核編輯：鄢孟繁