LM324 pdf

The LM324 series are low–cost, quad operational amplifiers with
true differential inputs. They have several distinct advantages over
standard operational amplifier types in single supply applications. The
quad amplifier can operate at supply voltages as low as 3.0 V or as
high as 32 V with quiescent currents about one–fifth of those
associated with the MC1741 (on a per amplifier basis). The common
mode input range includes the negative supply, thereby eliminating the
necessity for external biasing components in many applications. The
output voltage range also includes the negative power supply voltage.
? Short Circuited Protected Outputs
? True Differential Input Stage
? Single Supply Operation: 3.0 V to 32 V (LM224, LM324, LM324A
? Low Input Bias Currents: 100 nA Maximum (LM324A)
? Four Amplifiers Per Package
? Internally Compensated
? Common Mode Range Extends to Negative Supply
? Industry Standard Pinouts
? ESD Clamps on the Inputs Increase Ruggedness without Affecting
Device Operation