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采用Nios驅(qū)動的AD7262的CED1Z FPGA方案

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資料介紹

This version (09 Feb 2021 18:46) was approved by Istvan Csomortani.The Previously approved version (22 May 2013 13:42) is available.

CED1Z FPGA Project for AD7262 with Nios driver

Supported Devices

AD7262

Evaluation Boards

EVAL-AD7262EDZ

Overview

This document presents the steps to setup an environment for using the EVAL-AD7262EDZ evaluation board together with the EVAL-CED Converter Evaluation and Development (CED) Board and the Nios II Embedded Development Suite (EDS). Below is presented a picture of the EVAL-AD7262 Evaluation Board with the CED1 board.

The CED1Z board is intended for use in evaluation, demonstration and development of systems using Analog Devices precision converters. It provides the necessary communications between the converter and the PC, programming or controlling the device, transmitting or receiving data over a USB link.

The AD7262/AD7262-5 are dual, 12-bit, high speed, low power, successive approximation ADCs that operate from a single 5 V power supply. The AD7262 features throughput rates of up to 1 MSPS per on-chip ADC. The AD7262-5 features throughput rates of up to 500 kSPS. Two complete ADC functions allow simultaneous sampling and conversion of two channels. Each ADC is preceded by a true differential analog input with a PGA. There are 14 gain settings available: ×1, ×2, ×3, ×4, ×6, ×8, ×12, ×16, ×24, ×32, ×48, ×64, ×96, and ×128.

More information

AD7262 Product Info - pricing, samples, datasheet
EVAL-AD7262EDZ evaluation board user guide, available when installing the reference software from the CD
Nios II Embedded Development Suite (EDS)

Getting Started

The first objective is to ensure that you have all of the items needed and to install the software tools so that you are ready to create and run the evaluation project.

Hardware Items

Below is presented the list of required hardware items:

Analog Devices EVAL-CED Converter Evaluation and Development (CED) Board
Terasic USB Blaster
EVAL-AD7262EDZ evaluation board
Intel Pentium III or compatible Windows PC, running at 866MHz or faster, with a minimum of 512MB of system memory

Software Tools

Below is presented the list of required software tools:

Quartus II Web Edition design software v11.0
Nios II EDS v11.0
Evaluation Project Files

The Quartus II design software and the Nios II EDS is available via the Altera Complete Design Suite DVD or by downloading from the web.

Extract the Lab Files

EVAL-AD7262EDZ Create a folder called “ADIEvalBoard” on your PC and extract the ad7262_evalboard.zip archive to this folder. Make sure that there are NO SPACES in the directory path. After extracting the archive the following folders should be present in the ADIEvalBoard folder: FPGA, Hdl, NiosCpu, Software and DataCapture .

Folder	Description
FPGA	Contains all the files necessary to program the CED1Z board in order to evaluate the ADC. By executing the script program_fpga.bat the FPGA will be programmed with the evaluation project. New Nios2 applications can be created using the files from this folder. The ip subfolder contains the HDL core for connecting the evaluation board to the CED1Z board , the software drivers for HAL in /hdl/src/HAL and the AD7262 registers in /hdl/src/inc
Hdl	Contains the source files for the AD7262 HDL driver: - The doc subfolder contains a brief documentation for the core. - The src subfolder contains the HDL source files. - The tb folder contains the sources of the core's testbench
NiosCpu	Contains the CED1Z Quartus evaluation project source files . The ip subfolder contains the AD7262 QSYS component
Software	Contains the source files of the Nios2 SBT evaluation project
DataCapture	Contains the script files used for data acquisition

Install the USB-Blaster Device Driver

The USB Blaster is used to program the FPGA on the CED1Z board and also for data exchange between the system and a PC. To install the driver plug the Terasic USB Blaster into one of the PCs USB ports. Your Windows PC will find the new hardware and try to install the driver.

Since Windows cannot locate the driver for the device the automatic installation will fail and the driver has to be installed manually. In the Device Manager right click on the USB-Blaster device and select Update Driver Software.

In the next dialog box select the option Browse my computer for driver software. A new dialog will open where it is possible to point to the driver’s location. Set the location to altera/11.0/quartus/drivers/usb-blaster and press Next.

If Windows presents you with a message that the drivers have not passed Windows Logo testing, please click “Install this driver software anyway”. Upon installation completion a message will be displayed to inform that the installation is finished.

30 Nov 2011 11:18 · Adrian Costina

AD7262 Evaluation Project Overview

The evaluation project contains all the source files needed to build a system that can be used to configure the AD7262 and capture data from it. The system consists of a Nios II softcore processor that is implemented in the FPGA found on the CED1Z board and a PC application. The softcore controls the communication with the Device Under Test (DUT) and the data capture process. The captured data is saved into the SRAM of the CED1Z board and aftwerwards it is read by the PC application and saved into a comma separated values (.csv) file that can be used for further data analysis.

CED1Z FPGA Design

The following components are implemented in the FPGA design:

Name	Address	IRQ
CPU	0x00000800	-
PLL	0x00000000	-
ONCHIP_MEM	0x00002000	-
LEDS	0x00000020	-
SYSID	0x00000100	-
SRAM	0x00400000	-
TRISTATE_BRIDGE_0	-	-
TRISTATE_PIN_SHARER_0	-	-
JTAG_UART_0	0x00000108	1
SYS_TIMER	0x00000080	2
MM_CONSOLE_MASTER	-	-
PWR_DATA	0x00000040	-
I2C_INT	0x00000060	-
PWR_EN_CLK	0x00000010	-
AD7262_0	0x000000a0	-
GAIN_SELECT	0x000000e0	-
PWR_MODES	0x000000c0	-
Table 1 System components

The Nios II processor contains a peripheral that implements the communication protocol with the DUT. The peripheral is divided into three logical modules: a module which implements the interface with the Avalon bus and the communication with the SRAM, a module which implements an Avalon master interface which is used to write data directly in the SRAM and a module which communicates with the AD7262. Beside that there are two PIO modules that are connected to G3, G2, G1, G0 and PD2, PD1, PD0 pins. By setting these pins the user can modify the gain settings of the front-end amplifiers or the power mode of the device.

Table 2 describes the port definitions of the Avalon peripheral:

Port	Direction	Width	Description
Generic pins
CLK_I	IN	1	System clock. Designed with a 48 MHz clock
RESET_I	IN	1	System reset
Avalon Slave Interface
AVALON_WRITEDATA_I	IN	32	Slave write data bus
AVALON_WRITE_I	IN	1	Slave write data request
AVALON_READ_I	IN	1	Slave read data request
AVALON_ADDRESS_I	IN	3	Slave address bus
AVALON_READDATA_O	OUT	32	Slave read data bus
Avalon Master Interface
AVALON_MASTER_WAITREQUEST	IN	1	Master wait request signal
AVALON_MASTER_ADDRESS_O	OUT	32	Master address bus
AVALON_MASTER_WRITE_O	OUT	1	Master write signal
AVALON_MASTER_BYTEENABLE_O	OUT	2	Master byte enable signals
AVALON_MASTER_WRITEDATA_O	OUT	16	Master write data bus
External connectors
ADC_CS_N_O	OUT	1	Chip select, active low logic input.
ADC_SCLK_O	OUT	1	Serial clock for AD7262
ADC_DOUTA_I	IN	1	Serial data input from first channel, is supplied to each pin as a serial data stream in twos complement format.
ADC_DOUTB_I	IN	1	Serial data input from second channel, is supplied to each pin as a serial data stream in twos complement format.
Table 2 Port description

Table 3 describes the registers of the Avalon peripheral:

Name	Offset	Width	Access	Description
CONTROL_REGISTER	0	32	RW	Bit 0 is used to start data acquisition Bit 1 is used to initiate software reset of the core Bit 2 is used to configure the Avalon write master core to write data to the same location Bit 3 is used to write data to the AD7262 evaluation board Bit 4 is used to enable the Test Mode feature of the driver
ACQ_COUNT_REGISTER	1	32	RW	Register used to configure the number of samples to be acquired when acquisition is started
BASE_REGISTER	2	32	RW	Register used to configure the base address of the memory location where the acquired data is to be written
STATUS	3	32	R	Bit 0 is used to signal that the acquisition is complete Bit 1 is used to signal that the internal memory buffer has been overflown Bit 2 is used to signal that the user has performed a write of a read only register register
DUT_WRITE_REGISTER	4	32	W	Register used to perform writes on the device under test. Bits [15:0] are used for data, [27:16] are used as register address, and [31:28] are used as device address in case if there are more than one device in the system.
DUT_STATE_REGISTER	5	32	R	Bits [7:0] the actual state value of the driver’s Write Data FSM. Bits [15:8] the actual state value of the driver’s Read Data FSM
Table 3 Register description

The follwing figure presents the timing diagram for the read operations from the AD7262 driver.

AD7262 module

This module is the actual driver of the AD7262 data acquisition system.

Port	Direction	Width	Description
General Connectors
FPGA_CLK_I	IN	1	48 MHz clock
ADC_CLK_I	IN	1	34,9 MHz clock for convertion
RST_N_I	IN	1	Active low module reset
CED1Z_interface connectors
DATA_A_O	OUT	12	Parallel bus to transfer the data to the upper module from the first input channel
DATA_B_O	OUT	12	Parallel bus to transfer the data to the upper module from the second input channel
DATA_RD_EN_O	OUT	1	Signals that at port DATA_A_O/DATA_B_O is new data available
DATA_WR_EN_I	IN	1	Signals that initiate a AD7262 convertion
Debug Connectors
ADC_STATE_O	OUT	8	Actual state of the Read FSM
AD7262 connectors
ADC_CS_N_O	IN	1	Serial clock for AD7262
ADC_SCLK_O	IN	1	Chip select, active low logic input.
ADC_DOUTA_I	IN	1	Serial data input from first channel, is supplied to each pin as a serial data stream in twos complement format.
ADC_DOUTB_I	IN	1	Serial data input from second channel, is supplied to each pin as a serial data stream in twos complement format.
Table 4 Port description for the AD7262 module

Quick Evaluation

The next sections of this document present all the steps needed to create a fully functional project that can be used for evaluating the operation of the ADI platform. It is possible to skip these steps and load in the FPGA an image that contains a fully functional system that can be used for platform evalution. The first step of the quick evaluation process is to program the FPGA with the image provided in the lab files. Before the image can be loaded the Quartus II Web Edition tool or the Quartus II Programmer must be installed on your computer. To load the FPGA image you must first make sure that the USB cable is not connected to the CED1Z board. Connect the USB Blaster to the J6 connector of the CED1Z and power the board. Run the program_fpga.bat batch file located in the ADIEvalBoard/FPGA folder.

Connect a true differential analog signal to the VA-/VA+ or VB-/VB+ BNC socket.

In order to acquire data, follow the instructions in the Evaluation Project Data Acquisition section.

NIOS II Software Design

This section presents the steps for developing a software application that will run on the CED1Z system and will be used for controlling and monitoring the operation of the ADI evaluation board.

Create a new project using the NIOS II Software Build Tools for Eclipse

Launch the Nios II SBT from the Start → All Programs → Altera → Nios II EDS 11.0 → Nios II 11.0 Software Build Tools for Eclipse (SBT).

NOTE: Windows 7 users will need to right-click and select Run as administrator. Another method is to right-click and select Properties and click on the Compatibility tab and select the Run This Program As An Administrator checkbox, which will make this a permanent change.

1. Initialize Eclipse workspace

When Eclipse first launches, a dialog box appears asking what directory it should use for its workspace. It is useful to have a separate Eclipse workspace associated with each hardware project that is created in SOPC Builder. Browse to the ADIEvalBoard directory and click Make New Folder to create a folder for the software project. Name the new folder “eclipse_workspace”. After selecting the workspace directory, click OK and Eclipse will launch and the workbench will appear in the Nios II perspective.

2. Create a new software project in the SBT

Select File → New → Nios II Application and BSP from Template.

Click the Browse button in the SOPC Information File Name dialog box.
Select the uC.sopcinfo file located in the ADIEvalBoard/FPGA directory.
Set the name of the Application project to “ADIEvalBoard”.
Select the Blank Project template under Project template.
Click the Finish button.

The tool will create two new software project directories. Each Nios II application has 2 project directories in the Eclipse workspace.

The application software project itself - this where the application lives.
The second is the Board Support Package (BSP) project associated with the main application software project. This project will build the system library drivers for the specific SOPC system. This project inherits the name from the main software project and appends “_bsp” to that.

Since you chose the blank project template, there are no source files in the application project directory at this time. The BSP contains a directory of software drivers as well as a system.h header file, system initialization source code and other software infrastructure.

Configure the Board Support Package

Configure the board support package to specify the properties of this software system by using the BSP Editor tool. These properties include what interface should be used for stdio and stderr messages, the memory in which stack and heap should be allocated and whether an operating system or network stack should be included with this BSP.
Right click on the ADIEvalBoard_bsp project and select Nios II → BSP Editor… from the right-click menu.

The software project provided in this lab does not make use of an operating system. All stdout, stdin and stderr messages will be directed to the jtag_uart.

Select the Common settings view. In the Common settings view, change the following settings:
- Select the jtag_uart_0 for stdin, stdout and stderr messages. Note that you have more than one choice.
- Select none for the sys_clk_timer and timestamp_timer.

The memory used by the design is should be changed from OnChip ram to SRAM for the .text region.

Select Linker Script tab.
Change .text region Linker Region Name from onchip_mem to sram.

Select File → Save to save the board support package configuration to the settings.bsp file.
Click the Generate button to update the BSP.
When the generate has completed, select File → Exit to close the BSP Editor.

Configure BSP Project Build Properties

In addition to the board support package settings configured using the BSP Editor, there are other compilation settings managed by the Eclipse environment such as compiler flags and optimization level.

Right click on the ADIEvalBoard_bsp software project and select Properties from the right-click menu.
On the left-hand menu, select Nios II BSP Properties.
During compilation, the code may have various levels of optimization which is a tradeoff between code size and performance. Change the Optimization level setting to Level 2
Since our software does not make use of C++, uncheck Support C++.
Check the Reduced device drivers option
Check the Small C library option
Press Apply and OK to regenerate the BSP and close the Properties window.

Add source code to the project

In Windows Explorer locate the project directory which contains a directory called Software. In Windows Explorer select all the files and directories from the Software folder and drag and drop them into the Eclipse software project ADIEvalBoard.

Select all the files and folders and drag them over the ADIEvalBoard project in the SBT window and drop the files onto the project folder.

A dialog box will appear to select the desired operation. Select the option Copy files and folders and press OK.

This should cause the source files to be physically copied into the file system location of the software project directory and register these source files within the Eclipse workspace so that they appear in the Project Explorer file listing.

Configure Application Project Build Properties

Just as you configured the optimization level for the BSP project, you should set the optimization level for the application software project ADIEvalBoard as well.

Right click on the ADIEvalBoard software project and select Properties from the right-click menu.
On the left-hand menu, select the Nios II Application Properties tab
Change the Optimization level setting to Level 2.
Press Apply and OK to save the changes.

Define Application Include Directories

Application code can be conveniently organized in a directory structure. This section shows how to define these paths in the makefile.

In the Eclipse environment double click on my_include_paths.in to open the file.
Click the Ctrl and A keys to select all the text. Click the Ctrl and C keys to copy all the text.

Double click on Makefile to open the file.
If you see the message shown here about resources being out of sync, right click on the Makefile and select Refresh.

Select the line APP_INCLUDE_DIRS :=

Click the Ctrl and V keys to replace the selected line with the include paths.

Click the Ctrl and S keys to save the Makefile.

Compile, Download and Run the Software Project

1. Build the Application and BSP Projects

Right click the ADIEvalBoard_bsp software project and choose Build Project to build the board support package.
When that build completes, right click the ADIEvalBoard application software project and choose Build Project to build the Nios II application.

These 2 steps will compile and build the associated board support package, then the actual application software project itself. The result of the compilation process will be an Executable and Linked Format (.elf) file for the application, the ADIEvalBoard.elf file.

In case an error appears at compile time with a description like : section .rodata loaded at [00400164,00400477] overlaps section .text loaded at [00400164,004054d7] the enable_alt_load_copy_exceptions option must be unchecked from BSP Editor → Main → Settings → Advanced→ hal.linker

2. Verify the Board Connection

The CED1Z hardware is designed with a System ID peripheral. This peripheral is assigned a unique value based on when the hardware design was last modified in the SOPC Builder tool. SOPC Builder also places this information in the .sopcinfo hardware description file. The BSP is built based on the information in the .sopcinfo file.

Select the ADIEvalBoard application software project.
Select Run → Run Configurations…
Select the Nios II Hardware configuration type.
Press the New button to create a new configuration.
Change the configuration name to CED1Z and click Apply.
On the Target Connection tab, press the Refresh Connections button. You may need to expand the window or scroll to the right to see this button.
Select the jtag_uart_0 as the Byte Stream Device for stdio.
Check the Ignore mismatched system ID option.
Check the Ignore mismatched system timestamp option.

3. Run the Software Project on the Target

To run the software project on the Nios II processor:

Before running the the software project, the FPGA located on the CED1Z must be programmed with the Nios II system image. To program the FPGA run the ADIEvalBoard/FPGA/program_fpga.bat script.
Press the Run button in the Run Configurations window. This will re-build the software project to create an up–to-date executable and then download the code into memory on the CED1Z hardware. The debugger resets the Nios II processor, and it executes the downloaded code. Note that the code is verified in memory before it is executed

The code size and start address might be different than the ones displayed in the above screenshot.

20 Aug 2012 16:26 · Adrian Costina

Evaluation Project Data Acquisition

After the FPGA is correctly programmed and a true differential analog signal is connected to the VA-/VA+ or VB-/VB+ BNC socket, the data acquisition process can start by executing the data_capture.bat script.

The script by default collect data from both channels (channel A and B) at a 997,402 KSPS. The initial PGA gain settings is 2, so the analog input range for Vin+ and Vin- must be between 1.875 V to 3.125 V. By editing the data_capture.tcl file, the configuration of the PGA settings can be changed, but have to adjust the analog input range to the new setup.