電子發(fā)燒友App
一、結合以下問題對當天內容進行總結
答：有3種方法。方法1：使用路由器的物理接口作為網(wǎng)關，一個VLAN對應一個物理接口，轉發(fā)流量；方法2：使用路由器子接口作為網(wǎng)關，一個VLAN對應一個子接口，轉發(fā)流量；方法3：SVI技術，使用三層交換機的VLANIF接口作為網(wǎng)關，一個VLAN對應一個VLANIF接口，轉發(fā)流量。
2. 三層交換機的工作原理？
這個你知道嗎？
3. 三層交換機能否取代路由器，為什么？
這個你知道嗎？
4. 簡單說明生成樹的工作原理
答：在二層交換網(wǎng)絡中，邏輯上阻塞部分接口，實現(xiàn)從根交換機到所有節(jié)點唯一的路徑且為最佳路徑，生成一個沒有環(huán)路的拓撲。當最佳路徑出現(xiàn)故障時，個別被阻塞的接口將打開，形成備份鏈路。
5. 交換機組網(wǎng)為什么會產(chǎn)生環(huán)路？
答：以太網(wǎng)交換網(wǎng)絡中為了進行鏈路備份，提高網(wǎng)絡可靠性，通常會使用冗余鏈路。但是使用冗余鏈路會在交換網(wǎng)絡上產(chǎn)生環(huán)路
6. 交換機環(huán)路會導致哪些問題？
答：1、廣播風暴 2、MAC地址表漂移 3、多幀復制
7. 園區(qū)網(wǎng)組網(wǎng)兩個基本思路是什么？
答：層次化、模塊化
二、園區(qū)網(wǎng)組網(wǎng)實驗
【實驗題目】
做通私網(wǎng)，并進行優(yōu)化
LSW1、LSW4、LSW7是三層交換機，其余交換機均為二層交換機，PC使用DHCP獲取IP地址
| VLAN | 設備 | 網(wǎng)關（IP地址） |
| VLAN 2 | PC1 | LSW1,VLANIF2:192.168.2.254/24 |
| PC2 | ||
| LSW2/LSW1 | - | |
| VLAN 3 | PC3 | LSW1,VLANIF3:192.168.3.254/24 |
| LSW3/LSW1 | - | |
| VLAN 4 | PC4 | LSW1,VLANIF4:192.168.4.254/24 |
| LSW3/LSW1 | - | |
| VLAN 5 | PC5 | LSW4,VLANIF5:192.168.5.254/24 |
| PC6 | ||
| LSW5/LSW4 | - | |
| VLAN 6 | PC7 | LSW4,VLANIF6:192.168.6.254/24 |
| LSW6/LSW4 | - | |
| VLAN 7 | PC8 | LSW4,VLANIF7:192.168.7.254/24 |
| LSW6/LSW4 | - | |
| VLAN 1000 | LSW1/LSW7 |
LSW1,VLANIF1000:192.168.17.1/30 LSW7,VLANIF1000:192.168.17.2/30 |
| VLAN 1001 | LSW4/LSW7 |
LSW4,VLANIF1001:192.168.47.1/30 LSW7,VLANIF1001:192.168.47.2/30 |
| VLAN 1002 | LSW7 | LSW7,VLANIF1002:192.168.71.1/30 |
【實驗思路】
分層做，自下而上，先做接入層，再做匯聚層，然后做核心層LSW7和AR1，核心層使用OSPF協(xié)議，AR1與LSW7之間是骨干區(qū)域，私網(wǎng)1為區(qū)域1，私網(wǎng)2是區(qū)域2，PC使用DHCP獲取IP地址，使用OSPF下發(fā)缺省。優(yōu)化：做特殊區(qū)域，更改接口網(wǎng)絡類型為P2P。
【實驗記錄】
一、接入層
[SW2]vlan?2 [SW2-vlan2]q [SW2]int?g0/0/2 [SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port?link-type?access? [SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port?default?vlan?2 [SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int?g0/0/3 [SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port?link-type?access? [SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port?default?vlan?2 [SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int?g0/0/1 [SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port?link-type?trunk? [SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port?trunk?allow-pass?vlan?2 [SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo?port?trunk?allow-pass?vlan?1
[SW3]vlan?batch?3?4 [SW3]int?g0/0/2 [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port?link-type?access? [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port?default?vlan?3 [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int?g0/0/3 [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port?link-type?access? [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port?default?vlan?4 [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int?g0/0/1 [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port?link-type?trunk? [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port?trunk?allow-pass?vlan?3?4 [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo?port?trunk?allow-pass?vlan?1
[SW5]vlan?5 [SW5-vlan5]q [SW5]int?g0/0/2 [SW5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port?link-type?access? [SW5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port?default?vlan?5 [SW5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int?g0/0/3 [SW5-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port?link-type?access? [SW5-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port?default?vlan?5 [SW5-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int?g0/0/1 [SW5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port?link-type?trunk? [SW5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port?trunk?allow-pass?vlan?5 [SW5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo?port?trunk?allow-pass?vlan?1
[SW6]vlan?batch?6?7 [SW6]int?g0/0/2 [SW6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port?link-type?access? [SW6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port?default?vlan?6 [SW6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int?g0/0/3 [SW6-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port?link-type?access? [SW6-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port?default?vlan?7 [SW6-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int?g0/0/1 [SW6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port?link-type?trunk? [SW6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port?trunk?allow-pass?vlan?6?7 [SW6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo?port?trunk?allow-pass?vlan?1
二、匯聚層
[SW1]vlan?batch?2?3?4?1000 [SW1]int?g0/0/2 [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port?link-type?trunk? [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port?trunk?allow-pass?vlan?2 [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]undo?port?trunk?allow-pass?vlan?1 [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int?g0/0/3 [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port?link-type?trunk? [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port?trunk?allow-pass?vlan?3?4 [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]undo?port?trunk?allow-pass?vlan?1 [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int?g0/0/1 [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port?link-type?access? [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port?default?vlan?1000 [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q [SW1]dhcp?enable? [SW1]int?Vlanif?2 [SW1-Vlanif2]ip?address?192.168.2.254?24 [SW1-Vlanif2]dhcp?select?interface? [SW1-Vlanif2]q [SW1]int?Vlanif?3 [SW1-Vlanif3]ip?address?192.168.3.254?24 [SW1-Vlanif3]dhcp?select?interface? [SW1-Vlanif3]q [SW1]int?Vlanif?4 [SW1-Vlanif4]ip?address?192.168.4.254?24 [SW1-Vlanif4]dhcp?select?interface? [SW1-Vlanif4]q [SW1]int?Vlanif?1000 [SW1-Vlanif1000]ip?address?192.168.17.1?30
[SW4]vlan?batch?5?6?7?1001 [SW4]int?g0/0/2 [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port?link-type?trunk? [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port?trunk?allow-pass?vlan?5 [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]undo?port?trunk?allow-pass?vlan?1 [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int?g0/0/3 [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port?link-type?trunk? [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port?trunk?allow-pass?vlan?6?7 [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]undo?port?trunk?allow-pass?vlan?1 [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int?g0/0/1 [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port?link-type?access? [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port?default?vlan?1001 [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q [SW4]dhcp?enable? [SW4]int?Vlanif?5 [SW4-Vlanif5]ip?address?192.168.5.254?24 [SW4-Vlanif5]dhcp?select?interface? [SW4-Vlanif5]q [SW4]int?Vlanif?6 [SW4-Vlanif6]ip?address?192.168.6.254?24 [SW4-Vlanif6]dhcp?select?interface? [SW4-Vlanif6]q [SW4]int?Vlanif?7 [SW4-Vlanif7]ip?address?192.168.7.254?24 [SW4-Vlanif7]dhcp?select?interface? [SW4-Vlanif7]q [SW4]int?Vlanif?1001 [SW4-Vlanif1001]ip?address?192.168.47.1?30
此時私網(wǎng)1內部可通，私網(wǎng)2內部可通，私網(wǎng)1與私網(wǎng)2之間不可通
三、核心層
[SW7]vlan?batch?1000?1001?1002 [SW7]int?g0/0/1 [SW7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port?link-type?access? [SW7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port?default?vlan?1000 [SW7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int?g0/0/2 [SW7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port?link-type?access? [SW7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port?default?vlan?1001 [SW7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int?g0/0/4 [SW7-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port?link-type?access? [SW7-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port?default?vlan?1002 [SW7-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]q [SW7]int?Vlanif?1000 [SW7-Vlanif1000]ip?address?192.168.17.2?30 [SW7-Vlanif1000]q [SW7]int?Vlanif?1001 [SW7-Vlanif1001]ip?address?192.168.47.2?30 [SW7-Vlanif1001]q [SW7]int?Vlanif?1002 [SW7-Vlanif1002]ip?address?192.168.71.1?30
四、R1
[r1]int?g0/0/0 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip?address?192.168.71.2?30
五、配置OSPF
[r1]ospf?1?router-id?11.11.11.11 [r1-ospf-1]a?0 [r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network?192.168.71.0?0.0.0.3
[SW1]ospf?1?router-id?1.1.1.1 [SW1-ospf-1]a?1 [SW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network?192.168.2.0?0.0.0.255 [SW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network?192.168.3.0?0.0.0.255 [SW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network?192.168.4.0?0.0.0.255 [SW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network?192.168.17.0?0.0.0.3
[SW4]ospf?1?router-id?4.4.4.4 [SW4-ospf-1]a?2 [SW4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network?192.168.5.0?0.0.0.255 [SW4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network?192.168.6.0?0.0.0.255 [SW4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network?192.168.7.0?0.0.0.255 [SW4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network?192.168.47.0?0.0.0.3
[SW7]ospf?1?router-id?7.7.7.7 [SW7-ospf-1]a?0 [SW7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network?192.168.71.0?0.0.0.3 [SW7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q [SW7-ospf-1]a?1 [SW7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network?192.168.17.0?0.0.0.3 [SW7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q [SW7-ospf-1]a?2 [SW7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network?192.168.47.0?0.0.0.3
?
?
此時，私網(wǎng)1與私網(wǎng)2之間可互通
且可連通R1
六、下發(fā)缺省及OSPF優(yōu)化
[r1-ospf-1]default-route-advertise?always
?
?
特殊區(qū)域：
[SW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub [SW4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]stub [SW7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub?no-summary? [SW7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]stub?no-summary?
更改接口網(wǎng)絡類型：
[SW1]int?Vlanif?1000 [SW1-Vlanif1000]ospf?network-type?p2p
[SW4]int?Vlanif?1001 [SW4-Vlanif1001]ospf?network-type?p2p
[r1]int?g0/0/0 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf?network-type?p2p
[SW7]int?Vlanif?1000 [SW7-Vlanif1000]ospf?network-type?p2p [SW7]int?Vlanif?1001 [SW7-Vlanif1001]ospf?network-type?p2p [SW7]int?Vlanif?1002 [SW7-Vlanif1002]ospf?network-type?p2p
至此，實驗完畢。
審核編輯：黃飛
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