電子發(fā)燒友App
蜂鳴器是一種一體化結(jié)構(gòu)的電子訊響器，采用直流電壓供電，廣泛應(yīng)用于計(jì)算機(jī)、打印機(jī)、復(fù)印機(jī)、報(bào)警器、電子玩具、汽車電子設(shè)備、電話機(jī)、定時(shí)器等電子產(chǎn)品中作發(fā)聲器件。蜂鳴器主要分為壓電式蜂鳴器和電磁式蜂鳴器兩種類型。蜂鳴器在電路中用字母“H”或“HA”（舊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用“FM”、“ZZG”、“LB”、“JD”等）表示。本文為大家介紹基于vhdl蜂鳴器程序設(shè)計(jì)。
實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟
1、設(shè)置端口
1）輸入端口
CLK：40MHZ系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘輸入端口。
2）輸出端口
device：樂曲的聲音輸出端口，輸出的是對應(yīng)各音符頻率的方波信號。 2、設(shè)置模塊 1）自動(dòng)演奏模塊
自動(dòng)演奏模塊可以自動(dòng)播放電子琴內(nèi)置樂曲，按節(jié)拍讀取內(nèi)置樂譜。將鍵盤輸入的音符信號輸出。因此，本模塊是向Tone模塊提供音符信息。
首先，對40MHz系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘進(jìn)行10M的分頻，得到4Hz的信號，這樣一秒中就可以按照四拍進(jìn)行。然后依照此頻率進(jìn)行地址累計(jì)。
音頻發(fā)生器模塊
根據(jù)自動(dòng)演奏模塊的信號輸出，不同的信號被翻譯為不同的頻率。
蜂鳴器驅(qū)動(dòng)模塊
根據(jù)音頻發(fā)生器發(fā)出音頻的不同，蜂鳴器得到的驅(qū)動(dòng)也不同。首先，對系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘進(jìn)行40分頻，再對1mhz的脈沖再次分頻，得到所需要的音符頻率，然后再進(jìn)行2分頻。
實(shí)驗(yàn)代碼
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity tone is port（ index： in std_logic_vector（15 downto 0）; --音符輸入信號
tone0： out integer range 0 to 2047 --音符的分頻系數(shù) ）;
end tone;
architecture behavioral of tone is
begin
search ：process（index） --此進(jìn)程完成音符到音符的分頻系數(shù)譯碼，音符的顯示，高低音階
begin
case index is
when “0000000000000001” => tone0<=1433;
when “0000000000000010” => tone0<=1277;
when “0000000000000100” => tone0<=1138;
when “0000000000001000” => tone0<=1074;
when “0000000000010000” => tone0<=960;
when “0000000000100000” => tone0<=853;
when “0000000001000000” => tone0<=759;
when “0000000010000000” => tone0<=716;
when “0000000100000000” => tone0<=358;
when “0000001000000000” => tone0<=319;
when “0000010000000000” => tone0<=284;
when “0000100000000000” => tone0<=268;
when “0001000000000000” => tone0<=239;
when “0010000000000000” => tone0<=213;
when “0100000000000000” => tone0<=190;
when “1000000000000000” => tone0<=638;
when others => tone0<=0;
end case;
end process;
end behavioral;
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity speaker is port（ clk1： in std_logic; --系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘12mhz
tone1： in integer range 0 to 2047; --音符分頻系數(shù)
spks： out std_logic --驅(qū)動(dòng)揚(yáng)聲器的音頻信號 ）;
end speaker;
architecture behavioral of speaker is
signal preclk， fullspks:std_logic;
begin
p1:process（clk1）--此進(jìn)程對系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘進(jìn)行16分頻
variable count： integer range 0 to 16;
begin
if clk1‘event and clk1=’1‘ then count：=count+1;
if count=8 then
preclk<=‘1’;
elsif count=16 then preclk<=‘0’;
count：=0;
end if;
end if;
end process p1;
p2:process（preclk，tone1）--對0.75mhz的脈沖再次分頻，得到所需要的音符頻率
variable count11:integer range 0 to 2047;
begin
if preclk‘event and preclk=’1‘ then
if count11
count11：=count11+1;
fullspks<=’1‘;
else
count11：=0;
fullspks<=’0‘;
end if;
end if;
end process p2;
p3:process（fullspks）--此進(jìn)程對fullspks進(jìn)行2分頻
variable count2： std_logic：=’0‘;
begin
if fullspks’event and fullspks=‘1’ then
count2：=not count2;
if count2=‘1’ then
spks<=‘1’;
else spks<=‘0’;
end if;
end if;
end process p3;
end behavioral;
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity laohu is port（ clk： in std_logic;--系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘；鍵盤輸入/自動(dòng)演奏
tone_key_0： buffer std_logic_vector（15 downto 0）--音符信號輸出
）;
end laohu;
architecture behavioral of laohu is
signal count0:integer range 0 to 31;--change
signal clk2:std_logic;
begin p1:process（clk） --對12mhz系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘進(jìn)行3m的分頻，得到4hz的信號clk2
variable count:integer range 0 to 3000000;
begin if clk‘event and clk=’1‘ then
count：=count+1;
if count=1500000 then
clk2<=’1‘;
elsif count=3000000 then
clk2<=’0‘;
count：=0;
end if;
end if;
end process p1;
p2:process（clk2）--此進(jìn)程完成自動(dòng)演奏部分樂曲的地址累加
begin if clk2’event and clk2=‘1’ then
if count0=29 then
count0<=0;
else count0<=count0+1;
end if;
end if;
end process p2;
p3:process（count0，tone_key_0）
begin
case count0 is--此case語句：存儲(chǔ)自動(dòng)演奏部分的樂曲
when 0 => tone_key_0<=b“00000001_00000000”; --1
when 1 => tone_key_0<=b“00000010_00000000”; --2
when 2 => tone_key_0<=b“00000100_00000000”; --3
when 3 => tone_key_0<=b“00000001_00000000”; --1
when 4 => tone_key_0<=b“00000001_00000000”; --1
when 5 => tone_key_0<=b“00000010_00000000”; --2
when 6 => tone_key_0<=b“00000100_00000000”; --3
when 7 => tone_key_0<=b“00000001_00000000”; --1
when 8 => tone_key_0<=b“00000100_00000000”; --3
when 9 => tone_key_0<=b“00001000_00000000”; --4
when 10 => tone_key_0<=b“00010000_00000000”; --5
when 11 => tone_key_0<=b“00000100_00000000”; --3
when 12 => tone_key_0<=b“00001000_00000000”; --4
when 13 => tone_key_0<=b“00010000_00000000”; --5
when 14 => tone_key_0<=b“00010000_00000000”; --5
when 15 => tone_key_0<=b“00100000_00000000”; --6
when 16 => tone_key_0<=b“00010000_00000000”; --5
when 17 => tone_key_0<=b“00001000_00000000”; --4
when 18 => tone_key_0<=b“00000100_00000000”; --3
when 19 => tone_key_0<=b“00000001_00000000”; --1
when 20 => tone_key_0<=b“00010000_00000000”; --5
when 21 => tone_key_0<=b“00100000_00000000”; --6
when 22 => tone_key_0<=b“00010000_00000000”; --5
when 23 => tone_key_0<=b“00001000_00000000”; --4
when 24 => tone_key_0<=b“00000100_00000000”; --3
when 25 => tone_key_0<=b“00000001_00000000”; --1
when 26 => tone_key_0<=b“00000100_00000000”; --3
when 27 => tone_key_0<=b“00000000_00100000”; --di6
when 28 => tone_key_0<=b“00000001_00000000”; --1
when others => null;
end case;
end process p3;
end behavioral;
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
use ieee.std_logic_arith.all;
use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all;
entity beep0 is
port（ clk:in std_logic; device:out std_logic ）;
end beep0;
architecture behavioral of beep0 is
component laohu is port（ clk： in std_logic;--系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘；鍵盤輸入/自動(dòng)演奏
tone_key_0： out std_logic_vector（15 downto 0）--音符信號輸出 ）;
end component;
component tone is
port（ index： in std_logic_vector（15 downto 0）;--音符輸入信號
tone0： out integer range 0 to 2047--音符的分頻系數(shù) ）;
end component;
component speaker is
port（
clk1： in std_logic;--系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘12mhz
tone1： in integer range 0 to 2047; --音符分頻系數(shù)
spks： out std_logic--驅(qū)動(dòng)揚(yáng)聲器的音頻信號 ）;
end component;
signal mid:std_logic_vector（15 downto 0）;
signal tones:integer;
begin
u0:laohu port map（clk，mid）;
u1:tone port map（mid，tones）;
u2:speaker port map（clk，tones，device）;
end behavioral;
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